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第01讲 Unit1—3重点单词、短语、句型回顾和词汇拓展精讲精练(选择性必修一)
选修一Unit1 People of Achievement
重点单词、短语、句型回顾
1.vital /ˈvaɪtl/ n.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
(教材原句)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. (P2)
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
【搭配】
be vital for/to=be of vital importance (to) 对……至关重要
It is vital that sb should do sth 某人做某事是十分重要的
【例句】
Vital to human life, art is used by nations across the world for various purposes.
艺术对人类生活至关重要,世界各地的国家都在为各种目的而使用艺术。
As far as I’m concerned, reading is of vital importancein language learning.
就我个人而言,阅读在语言学习中至关重要。
2. committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/ adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
(教材原句)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. (P2)
屠呦呦,这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学部(原北京医学院)。
【拓展】
be committed to (doing) sth 承诺,保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)
commit v. 承诺;保证(某个人、机构等);犯(罪或错误等)
commitment n. 承诺;奉献
commit to (doing) sth/commit oneself to do 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
【例句】
The company is committed tobeing an equal opportunities employer.
这家公司承诺向所有雇员提供均等机会。
They must commit to spending time with their older neighbours.
他们必须承诺与年长的邻居共度时光。
We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们作了承诺要继续在一起工作。
3.evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评价;评估
(教材原句)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. (P2)
她的团队研读了2000多篇(个)中医药古籍(古方),评估了28万种植物的药学属性。
【拓展】
evaluation n. 估计,评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
【例句】
The market situation is difficult toevaluate.
市场形势难以评估。
Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers.
三位教授被要求对新教师设计的教案进行评估。
4.distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
(教材原句)From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. (P2)
通过研究,他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。
【拓展】
be distinct from (in) (在……方面)与……不同
distinctive adj. 与众不同的
distinction n. 差别;区分;优秀;特质
【例句】
Engineering and technology aredisciplines distinct from one another and from science.
工程学和工艺学互不相同,也有别于自然学科。
5.acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ v. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. (P2)
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
【拓展】
acknowledge doing/having done 承认做了……
It is widely/generally acknowledged that ……是大家公认的
acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
【例句】
The flowers were a small acknowledgement of your kindness.
这些花聊表谢意,感谢你的好心帮助。
6.defeat /dɪˈfi:t/ n. 失败;挫败 vt. 击败;战胜
(教材原句)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. (P2)
然而,屠呦呦不认输。
【拓展】
suffer a defeat 遭遇失败
accept/acknowledge defeat 承认/接受失败
defeat an enemy 打败敌人
【例句】
We have prepared and will not suffer a thorough defeat.
我们有准备,决不会一败涂地。
You must learn toaccept defeatwith good grace.
你必须学会欣然接受失败。
Leaders are expected to have the will and ability to defeat an enemy.
人们期望领导者有战胜敌人的意志和能力。
7.apparently /əˈpærəntli/ adv. 显而易见;看来;显然
(教材原句)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. (P2)
她得出结论,认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。
【拓展】
apparent adj. 显而易见的;显然的;表面上的
It is apparent (to sb) that (对某人来说)……是显而易见的
【例句】
He paused, apparentlylost in thought.
他停顿下来,显然陷入了沉思。
It is apparent that this movie has an artistic vision.
很明显,这部电影具有艺术性。
8. insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v. 坚持;坚决要求
(教材原句)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. (P3)
屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
【搭配】
insist on doing sth 坚持做某事
insist that 表示坚决要求或坚决主张,that后从句的动作尚未发生,则that从句必须使用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用(should) do;当表示坚决认为或坚持说,that后从句表示已发生的动作,则that从句为陈述语气,即从句该用什么时态就用什么时态,当然还要和主句时态保持呼应。
【例句】
I insist on paying for the damage.
我坚持要求赔偿损失。
He also insisted that they (should) leave enough space for children.
他还坚持要求给孩子们留出足够的空间。
My husband and I insisted thatour children were old enough to make their beds.
我的丈夫和我坚持认为我们的孩子年龄已经大到可以自己铺床了。
9.conclusion /kənˈklu:ʒn/ n. 结论;推论
(教材原句)Did you come to any conclusions? (P4)
你得出什么结论了吗?
【拓展】
arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后,总之
conclude vt. 断定;推断出;得出结论
conclude from ... 从……中得出结论
conclude (sth.) with 用……结束(某事)
【例句】
What do you conclude from that?
你从那件事中得到了什么结论?
I want to conclude with problems, which may sound kind of negative.
我想以问题来结束,这听起来有点否定意味。
10.circumstance /ˈsɜ:kəmstəns/ n. 条件;环境;状况
(教材原句)Her circumstances are beyond our control. (P5)
她的情况是我们无法控制的。
【拓展】
in/under ... circumstances 在……情况下
in/under no circumstances 决不;无论如何不(放在句首,部分倒装)
【例句】
The rules can only be waivedin exceptional circumstances.
该规定仅在特殊条件下方可失效。
Prisoners can only leave their cellsunder certain circumstances.
在押犯只能在特定时间离开自己的牢房。
Under no circumstances should you lend Paul money.
什么情况下都不要把钱借给保罗。
11.novelist /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ n. 小说家
(教材原句)The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. (P5)老师让我们听他最喜欢的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲。它启发了我们很多。
【拓展】
novel n. (长篇)小说
【例句】
For anovelist, that’s quite an accomplishment.
对于一个小说家来说,那是一个了不起的成就。
Her latest novelis eagerly awaited.
人们热切期待她的最新小说。
12.flow /fləʊ/ n. 流;流动;流畅;供应 vi. 流;流动
(教材原句)I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. (P5)
要求我借助流程图来解释这个项目。
【拓展】
cash flow 现金流量
flow chart 流程图
【例句】
We are keeping our head above water, but our cash flowposition is not too good.
我们虽然还未陷入困境,但资金流转状况不太好。
This flow chart, shown below, summarizes the overall costing process.
如下所示,这张流程图概括了成本计算的全程。
This valve regulates the flow of water.
这个阀门调节水流。
13.found /faʊnd/ vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在
(教材原句)founded high-tech and futuristic companies (P6)
创建高科技未来派公司
……
篇幅有限,仅展示以上内容。
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