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压强——初中物理情景教学课件

  • 2026-05-16 10:59:56
压强——初中物理情景教学课件

压强——初中物理情景教学课件

   

   

学以致用：增大压强的方法

核心原理一：增大压力 (F↑)
在受力面积一定时，通过增加力的大小来增大压强。如：用力拧螺丝、踩刹车。
核心原理二：减小受力面积 (S↓)
在压力一定时，通过缩小接触面积来增大压强。如：磨薄刀刃、做尖针头。
锋利的菜刀
刀刃磨得极薄，大幅减小受力面积，从而在切菜时产生巨大压强，轻松切断食材。
注射器针头
针头被加工成尖锐的锥形，极大地缩小了接触面积，确保能以较小的力轻松刺入皮肤。
冰鞋的冰刀
冰刀刀刃很薄，通过减小面积增大压强，使冰面融化形成水膜，有效减小了滑行阻力。

学以致用：减小压强的方法

方法一：减小压力 (F↓)
依据公式 \( p = \frac{F}{S} \)，在受力面积不变时，减小压力可减小压强。
生活实例：交通法规规定货车不能超载。
方法二：增大受力面积 (S↑)
依据公式 \( p = \frac{F}{S} \)，在压力不变时，增大接触面积可减小压强。
生活实例：坦克安装履带、滑雪板设计得很宽。
实例：坦克的履带
重型坦克本身重量极大，但通过安装宽大的履带，显著增大了与地面的接触面积。
这有效减小了坦克对地面的压强，防止其陷入松软的泥地或沙地中。
实例：骆驼的脚掌
被称为“沙漠之舟”的骆驼，拥有宽厚的脚掌。
这宽大的脚掌极大地增加了受力面积，从而减小了对沙漠沙地的压强，使其能在松软的沙面上行走自如，而不会陷下去。
课堂小结
📝 本节课核心知识点
压强的概念：表示压力作用效果的物理量，定义为单位面积上受到的压力。
压强的公式：p = F / S(F:压力 S:受力面积)
压强的单位：帕斯卡 (Pa)，1Pa = 1N/m²，是一个很小的单位。
增大压强的方法：在受力面积一定时增大压力，或在压力一定时减小受力面积。
✍️ 课堂巩固练习
Q1. 下列事例中，属于减小压强的是哪一项？
A. 注射器针头做很尖 |B. 书包带做得宽一些 (√)
C. 菜刀刀刃磨锋利 | D. 图钉帽做得比较大
Q2. 计算题：10N的物体放于桌面，接触面积0.01m²，求压强。
解：p = F / S = 10N / 0.01m² = 1000 Pa
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001089s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=a_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001508s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000659s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000585s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001236s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000515s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001290s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 492104 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001520s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1779285565 WHERE `id` = 492104 [ RunTime:0.001578s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000601s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 492104 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001108s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 492104 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001110s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 492104 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.002572s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 492104 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.001875s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 492104 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.004093s ]
0.168603s