语法填空名校模拟题易错点归纳
第一组
1. __________ (release) on Oct. 8, information showed the fixed area __________ (reported) covers 250.63 square meters.
答案:Released; reported
翻译:10月8日发布的信息显示,报告的固定区域面积为250.63平方米。
详细解析:
1. 第一空:空格处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语是“information”,“information”与“release”(发布)之间是被动关系(信息被发布),且动作发生在主句谓语“showed”之前,故用过去分词“Released”作状语(过去分词可表被动、完成,此处作时间状语,相当于“After it was released on Oct. 8”)。
2. 第二空:空格处为非谓语动词,作定语修饰“the fixed area”,“the fixed area”与“report”(报告)之间是被动关系(区域被报告),故用过去分词“reported”作后置定语,相当于“which was reported”。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 非谓语动词-过去分词(done)的用法:
(1)作状语:可表时间、原因、条件、伴随、让步等,逻辑主语与句子主语一致,且与逻辑主语是被动关系、动作已完成。例:Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市很美。)
(2)作定语:后置定语,修饰名词/代词,与所修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个定语从句。例:The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎。)
(3)区别:过去分词(done)表被动、完成;现在分词(doing)表主动、进行;不定式(to do)表主动、将来。
2. 被动语态的简化:当定语从句中主语与主句主语一致(或定语从句主语是it),且从句谓语是“be+过去分词”时,可省略“主语+be”,直接用过去分词作定语/状语。
2. It is the only grottoes site in China’s grassland area and a treasure trove of Buddhist art __________ (integrate) architecture, cliff carvings, murals (壁画) and sculptures.
答案:integrating
翻译:它是中国草原地区唯一的石窟遗址,也是集建筑、摩崖石刻、壁画和雕塑于一体的佛教艺术宝库。
详细解析:空格处为非谓语动词,作后置定语修饰“a treasure trove of Buddhist art”(佛教艺术宝库),逻辑主语“a treasure trove”与“integrate”(整合、融合)之间是主动关系(宝库整合了多种艺术形式),且动作是主动进行的状态(此处表主动、伴随),故用现在分词“integrating”,相当于“which integrates”。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 非谓语动词-现在分词(doing)作定语:
(1)后置定语,修饰名词/代词,与所修饰的词是主动关系,可表示“正在进行的动作”或“主动的状态”,相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。例:The girl singing in the room is my sister.(在房间里唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。)
(2)区别于过去分词作定语:doing表主动、进行;done表被动、完成。例:The falling leaves(正在飘落的叶子,主动、进行);The fallen leaves(已经落下的叶子,被动、完成)。
2. 单词“integrate”:及物动词,意为“整合、融合”,常见搭配“integrate A with B”(将A与B融合)、“integrate into”(融入)。例:We need to integrate theory with practice.(我们需要将理论与实践结合起来。)
3. Having a reputation as the “Grassland Dunhuang”, Aerzhai Grottoes __________ (compose) of 65 caves and 22 relief stone towers, of __________ 41 caves are well preserved. The painted murals in the caves show scenes of yurts, riding and shooting, hunting and funeral customs.
答案:is composed; which
翻译:有着“草原敦煌”美誉的阿尔寨石窟由65个洞窟和22座浮雕石塔组成,其中41个洞窟保存完好。洞窟内的彩绘壁画展现了蒙古包、骑射、狩猎和丧葬习俗的场景。
详细解析:
1. 第一空:考查固定搭配“be composed of”(由……组成),主语“Aerzhai Grottoes”(阿尔寨石窟)是单数,且句子描述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故填“is composed”。注意:“compose”作“组成”讲时,常用被动语态“be composed of”;主动语态中常用“compose sth.”(组成某物),例:Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.(水由氢和氧组成。)
2. 第二空:考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是“65 caves and 22 relief stone towers”(65个洞窟和22座浮雕石塔),空格前有介词“of”,且引导词在从句中作介词“of”的宾语,指代物,故用关系代词“which”(非限制性定语从句中,介词后不能用that,只能用which)。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 固定搭配“be composed of”:
(1)同义短语:consist of(无被动语态,主语是复数或集合名词)、be made up of。例:The team consists of 10 members.(这个团队由10名成员组成。)= The team is made up of 10 members. = The team is composed of 10 members.
(2)注意:compose的主动用法:compose sth.(组成某物),例:Three rivers compose this lake.(三条河流组成了这个湖。)
2. 非限制性定语从句:
(1)定义:对先行词进行补充说明,去掉后不影响主句意思,用逗号与主句隔开。
(2)引导词:指代物用which(可作主语、宾语,介词后只能用which);指代人用who/whom(who作主语,whom作宾语,介词后用whom);指代时间用when;指代地点用where;指代原因用why。
(3)易错点:介词+关系代词(which/whom),例:This is the book about which we talked yesterday.(这是我们昨天谈论的那本书。)
4. Due to the area’s harsh natural conditions, the murals are __________ danger of disappearing; the restoration work’s goal is to delay this __________ hopefully achieve long-term preservation, and remarkable progress has been seen.
答案:in; and
翻译:由于该地区恶劣的自然条件,壁画正处于消失的危险之中;修复工作的目标是延缓这一过程,并有望实现长期保护,目前已取得显著进展。
详细解析:
1. 第一空:考查固定搭配“be in danger of doing sth.”(处于做某事的危险之中),是固定短语,故填“in”。例:The animal is in danger of dying out.(这种动物正处于灭绝的危险之中。)
2. 第二空:空格前后是两个并列的谓语动词“delay this”(延缓这一过程)和“hopefully achieve long-term preservation”(有望实现长期保护),二者是并列关系,故用并列连词“and”连接。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 固定短语“in danger of”:
(1)同义短语:at risk of(处于……风险中),例:He is at risk of losing his job.(他有失业的风险。)
(2)反义短语:out of danger(脱离危险),例:The patient is out of danger now.(病人现在已经脱离危险了。)
(3)拓展:danger相关词性:dangerous(形容词,危险的)、endanger(动词,危害、危及),例:It is dangerous to play on the road.(在马路上玩很危险。);Pollution endangers our health.(污染危害我们的健康。)
2. 并列连词and的用法:
(1)连接两个并列的单词、短语或句子,表“和、并且”,前后结构一致(词性、时态、语态一致)。例:She likes singing and dancing.(她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。)
(2)注意:并列连词还有but(但是,表转折)、or(或者、否则,表选择或条件)、so(所以,表结果)等,区分用法:例:He is tired but happy.(他很累但很开心。);Hurry up, or you will be late.(快点,否则你会迟到。)
5. There, he quietly admired the delicate trees and __________ (mystery) paths, and picked up Chinese souvenirs for his family.
答案:mysterious
翻译:在那里,他静静地欣赏着精致的树木和神秘的小径,并为家人挑选了中国纪念品。
详细解析:空格处修饰名词“paths”(小径),需要用形容词作定语,“mystery”(神秘)是名词,其形容词形式是“mysterious”(神秘的),故填“mysterious”。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 名词变形容词的常见后缀:
(1)-ous:mystery → mysterious(神秘的)、danger → dangerous(危险的)、fame → famous(著名的)、courage → courageous(勇敢的)。
(2)-y:rain → rainy(下雨的)、sun → sunny(晴朗的)、luck → lucky(幸运的)。
(3)-ful:care → careful(仔细的)、help → helpful(有帮助的)、beauty → beautiful(美丽的)。
(4)-less:care → careless(粗心的)、home → homeless(无家可归的)、hope → hopeless(无望的)。
2. 形容词作定语的用法:形容词修饰名词/代词,通常放在名词/代词前面(前置定语);部分形容词(如enough)放在名词后面(后置定语)。例:a beautiful girl(一个美丽的女孩,前置);a boy old enough to go to school(一个足够大可以上学的男孩,后置)。
6. Foreign tourists love the town not only for its old streets and traditional buildings, __________ because it is a “living” historic site with over 2,500 local __________ (resident).
答案:but; residents
翻译:外国游客喜欢这个小镇,不仅因为它的老街和传统建筑,还因为它是一个“活态”历史遗址,有超过2500名当地居民。
详细解析:
1. 第一空:考查固定搭配“not only...but (also)...”(不仅……而且……),是并列连词短语,连接两个并列的原因状语(for its old streets...和because it is...),故填“but”(also可省略)。
2. 第二空:“resident”(居民)是可数名词,前面有数量词“over 2,500”(超过2500)修饰,故用复数形式“residents”。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 固定搭配“not only...but (also)...”:
(1)用法:连接两个并列的单词、短语或句子,表递进关系,“also”可省略;连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”(靠近谓语的主语决定谓语单复数)。例:Not only he but also I am a student.(不仅他是学生,我也是学生。)
(2)易错点:当“not only”位于句首时,主句需要部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提前)。例:Not only does he like English, but also he is good at it.(他不仅喜欢英语,而且很擅长。)
2. 可数名词复数变化规则:
(1)一般情况下,直接加-s:resident → residents、book → books、pen → pens。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的,加-es:box → boxes、watch → watches、brush → brushes。
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加-es:city → cities、family → families(注意:元音字母+y结尾,直接加-s:boy → boys、toy → toys)。
7. In Chinese, “dim sum” translates to “touch the heart”, reflecting the idea that the small, delicate dish __________ (mean) to delight diners, not to serve as a full meal but to bring a moment of __________ (please).
答案:is meant; pleasure
翻译:在中文里,“点心”翻译为“触动心灵”,这体现了这样一种理念:这种小巧精致的食物旨在取悦食客,不是作为一顿正餐,而是带来片刻的愉悦。
详细解析:
1. 第一空:考查固定搭配“be meant to do sth.”(旨在做某事、被用来做某事),主语“the small, delicate dish”(小巧精致的食物)是单数,且句子描述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故填“is meant”。
2. 第二空:空格前有不定冠词“a”和介词“of”,需要用名词作宾语,“please”(取悦、使高兴)是动词,其名词形式是“pleasure”(愉悦、快乐),为不可数名词,但此处“a moment of pleasure”(片刻的愉悦)是固定搭配,故填“pleasure”。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 固定搭配“be meant to do sth.”:
(1)同义短语:be intended to do sth.(旨在做某事)、be designed to do sth.(被设计用来做某事)。例:This program is meant to help students improve their English.(这个项目旨在帮助学生提高英语水平。)
(2)拓展:“mean”的其他用法:mean to do sth.(打算做某事)、mean doing sth.(意味着做某事)。例:I mean to go to the park tomorrow.(我打算明天去公园。);Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.(错过这班车意味着再等一个小时。)
2. 动词变名词的常见形式:
(1)直接加-ing:please → pleasing(令人愉悦的,名词/形容词),但此处需用“pleasure”(名词,愉悦),注意区分:pleasure(n. 愉悦)、pleased(adj. 感到愉悦的,修饰人)、pleasing(adj. 令人愉悦的,修饰物)。
(2)其他变化:decide → decision(决定)、develop → development(发展)、invite → invitation(邀请)。
3. 固定搭配“not...but...”(不是……而是……):连接两个并列的成分,表选择,否定前者,肯定后者,前后结构一致。例:He is not a teacher but a student.(他不是老师,而是学生。)
8. The tradition is believed to have grown out of the teahouses of southern China, __________ travelers came for a cup of tea, particularly in Guangdong Province.
答案:where
翻译:这种传统被认为起源于中国南方的茶馆,在那里,游客们来喝一杯茶,尤其是在广东省。
详细解析:空格处考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是“the teahouses”(茶馆),先行词是地点,且引导词在从句中作地点状语(travelers came for a cup of tea in the teahouses),故用关系副词“where”,相当于“in which”。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 非限制性定语从句-关系副词where:
(1)用法:先行词是地点名词(如teahouse、city、park、school等),引导词在从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+which”。例:This is the park where I played as a child.(这是我小时候玩的公园。)= This is the park in which I played as a child.
(2)区别于关系代词which:which指代地点名词时,在从句中作主语或宾语;where指代地点名词时,在从句中作状语。例:This is the city which I visited last year.(这是我去年参观的城市。which作visited的宾语);This is the city where I lived last year.(这是我去年住的城市。where作lived的状语)。
2. 固定短语“grow out of”:意为“起源于、由……发展而来”,例:The idea grew out of a conversation we had last week.(这个想法源于我们上周的一次谈话。)
3. 被动语态“be believed to do sth.”:意为“被认为做某事”,同义结构:It is believed that...(人们认为……)。例:He is believed to be an honest man.(他被认为是一个诚实的人。)= It is believed that he is an honest man.
9. This creative tension between tradition and innovation __________ (allow) dim sum to adapt to different eras and regions __________ losing its essential character.
答案:allows; without
翻译:传统与创新之间的这种创造性张力,使得点心能够适应不同的时代和地区,同时不失去其本质特征。
详细解析:
1. 第一空:主语“This creative tension”(这种创造性张力)是单数,句子描述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故谓语动词“allow”(允许、使能够)用第三人称单数形式“allows”。
2. 第二空:根据句意,“适应不同时代和地区”与“失去本质特征”是转折关系,即“适应的同时不失去”,故用介词“without”(没有),“without doing sth.”(没有做某事)是固定搭配,此处“without losing”(不失去)符合句意。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 一般现在时的第三人称单数:
(1)规则:当主语是第三人称单数(he、she、it、单数名词、不可数名词等)时,谓语动词加-s/-es。例:He plays football every day.(他每天踢足球。);The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
(2)易错点:以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾的动词,加-es:do → does、go → goes、watch → watches;以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i加-es:study → studies、carry → carries;不规则变化:have → has、be → is。
2. 介词without的用法:
(1)意为“没有”,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing),表否定。例:He went out without saying a word.(他一句话没说就出去了。)
(2)同义短语:instead of(代替、而不是),区别:without表“没有做某事”,instead of表“用A代替B”。例:He used a pen instead of a pencil.(他用钢笔而不是铅笔。)
3. 固定搭配“adapt to”(适应):例:She quickly adapted to the new life.(她很快适应了新生活。)拓展:adapt sth. to sth.(使某物适应某物),例:We need to adapt our plan to the new situation.(我们需要调整计划以适应新情况。)
10. Today, its global spread continues that creative spirit. Local chefs often adjust recipes to suit local tastes, __________ (give) rise to fusion (融合) dim sum, which pairs classic forms with international ingredients.
答案:giving
翻译:如今,它的全球传播延续了这种创新精神。当地厨师经常调整食谱以适应当地口味,从而催生了融合点心,这种点心将经典形式与国际食材相结合。
详细解析:空格处为非谓语动词,作结果状语,逻辑主语是前面整个句子“Local chefs often adjust recipes to suit local tastes”(当地厨师经常调整食谱以适应当地口味),“调整食谱”这个动作自然而然地导致了“融合点心的产生”,是主动、自然的结果,故用现在分词“giving”(现在分词作结果状语,表主动、自然的结果;过去分词作结果状语,表被动、意外的结果)。
核心知识点(含拓展):
1. 非谓语动词-现在分词作结果状语:
(1)用法:表示主句动作发生后,自然而然产生的结果,逻辑主语是主句的整个内容,用现在分词。例:It rained heavily, causing a flood.(雨下得很大,引发了洪水。)
(2)区别于不定式(to do)作结果状语:不定式作结果状语,通常表示“出乎意料的结果”,且常与only连用。例:He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。)
2. 固定短语“give rise to”(导致、催生):同义短语:lead to、result in、cause。例:His carelessness gave rise to a serious mistake.(他的粗心导致了一个严重的错误。)
3. 非限制性定语从句“which pairs classic forms with international ingredients”:which指代先行词“fusion dim sum”(融合点心),在从句中作主语,表主动,用一般现在时。