#新概念英语#第一册

#TheWayToKingStreet#一般过去时

#问路#不规则动词

#伦敦#礼貌用语

#WhatDidTheyDo#过去式练习

🎯 本课学习目标

词汇：

掌握与问路、指路相关的核心动词（如 lose, tell, understand, smile, cut）和地点名词（如 way, London, phrasebook, pocket）；学习不规则动词的过去式（went, lost, told, understood, cut）。

语法：

系统学习并掌握不规则动词的一般过去时（Irregular Past Simple），特别是本课出现的核心动词；巩固一般过去时的疑问句（Did...?）和否定句（did not/didn't）结构；理解并初步运用副词修饰动词的用法。

技能（日常对话）：

能够听懂并使用基本的问路与指路表达；能在迷路情境下进行简单求助与回应；掌握"Can you tell me the way to...?"这一核心问路句型。

文化：

了解在英语国家问路时的基本礼仪；初步感知伦敦作为城市的文化意象；体会通过肢体语言（如微笑）辅助沟通的作用。

📖 第一部分：课文完整内容

第73课 课文原文（含语音标注）

第74课 课文原文（含语音标注）

🔍 第二部分：逐句精讲与词块总结

💬 第三部分：基础会话技巧

1. 分析课文中的日常用语、礼貌表达、问答模式

- 日常用语与礼貌表达：

- Excuse me: 万能礼貌开场白，用于引起陌生人注意、问路、打断等。比中文的"喂"或直接提问礼貌得多。

- Can you... please?: 请求帮助的标准礼貌句式。"Can you"询问对方能力，"please"软化语气，使请求更得体。

- I am sorry: 表达歉意。文中游客用它来表达自己无法提供帮助的遗憾，即使这不是他的错，也显示了礼貌。

- Smiled pleasantly: 非语言礼貌。微笑是世界通用的友好信号，能缓解问路时的紧张感。

- 问答模式：

- 问路方：先用"Excuse me"吸引注意，然后用"Can you tell me the way to + 地点？"提出明确请求。

- （理想中的）指路方：理论上会给出方向指引（如turn left, go straight等）。但本课提供了另一种常见反应：因语言不通无法帮助，但仍通过微笑和道歉保持友好。这是一种完整的"请求-回应"交际回合，即使回绝也是礼貌的。

2. 提供类似场景的扩展对话示例
Scene: A tourist (T) is looking at a map confusedly near a landmark. A local (L) passes by.
T: Excuse me, I think I'm a bit lost. Can you help me?
L: Sure, I'll try. Where are you trying to go?
T: I'm looking for the British Museum. Can you tell me the way?
L: Oh, it's not far from here. Go straight along this street for about five minutes. You'll see a big square. The museum is on the left side of the square.
T: Go straight... then left at the square?
L: That's right. You can't miss it.
T: Thank you so much for your help!
L: You're welcome. Have a nice day!

3. 设计简单的角色扮演活动建议

- 活动名称: "Lost in [Your City Name]"

- 准备: 准备几张写有本地知名地点（如火车站、公园、图书馆、商场）的卡片。准备一张简易的街区示意图（可不精确）。

- 步骤:

1. 学生两人一组。A抽一张地点卡，扮演迷路的游客。B扮演本地居民。

2. A必须使用"Excuse me"开头，并用"Can you tell me the way to...?"问路。

3. B看着示意图（或凭想象）进行指路，尽量使用"go straight", "turn left/right", "it's on your left"等短语。

4. A听后重复一遍指令以示确认。

5. 交换角色，使用不同的地点。

- 升级挑战: 引入第三张角色卡---"不会说英语的游客"（就像课文里的德国人）。持此卡的学生在被问路时，必须微笑着用"I'm sorry, I don't speak English."回应。

4. 融入基础思考：设计1-2个简单的代入式问题
① 如果你是米尔斯夫人，在听到那位德国游客说"I do not speak English"之后，你会怎么做？是继续尝试用手势比划，还是去找别人帮忙？为什么？
② 当你自己在国外旅游，需要问路但语言不通时，除了短语手册，你还可以用什么方法来沟通？（提示：手机地图、手势、画图、指向地名）

📐 第四部分：本课语法精析（加强版）

本课语法核心是不规则动词的一般过去时，并在此基础上巩固一般过去时的疑问句和否定句结构，同时复习副词修饰动词的用法。

1. 不规则动词的一般过去时 (Irregular Past Simple)
[NCE知识点笔记] 明确指出，英语动词的过去式分为规则变化（加-ed）和不规则变化。本课是第一次集中出现一批常用不规则动词的过去式。
[名师精讲] 强调，不规则动词必须逐个记忆，没有统一的规则。本课涉及的动词及其过去式是英语中最基础、最核心的部分，务必熟练掌握。
[语法新思维] 从表意功能上解释，一般过去时用来描述在过去某个特定时间发生并已完成的动作或状态。本课的故事和图片描述都符合这个定义。

- 本课出现的不规则动词列表：

- go → went (去)

- lose → lost (丢失，迷路)

- see → saw (看见)

- say → said (说)

- tell → told (告诉)

- understand → understood (理解)

- speak → spoke (说（语言）)

- put → put (放) （过去式同形）

- take → took (拿)

- find → found (找到)

- read → read /red/ (读) （过去式同形异音）

- sell → sold (卖) （第74课）

- cut → cut (切) （第74课相关词汇）

- 例句（不少于20个）：

1. I went to the cinema last night. 我昨晚去了电影院。

2. She lost her passport during the trip. 她在旅途中丢了护照。

3. We saw a beautiful sunset yesterday. 我们昨天看到了美丽的日落。

4. He said hello to everyone. 他向每个人问了好。

5. My mother told me an interesting story. 我妈妈给我讲了一个有趣的故事。

6. Did you understand the teacher's explanation? 你理解老师的解释了吗？

7. They spoke French at the meeting. 他们在会议上说法语。

8. Please put the books on the shelf. 请把书放到书架上。（现在式）

9. He put the keys in his pocket yesterday. 他昨天把钥匙放进了口袋。

10. She took a photo of the mountain. 她拍了一张山的照片。

11. I finally found my missing sock. 我终于找到了丢失的袜子。

12. He read the entire book in one day. 他一天之内读完了整本书。

13. The shop sold all its cakes quickly. 商店很快卖光了所有的蛋糕。

14. She cut the paper with scissors. 她用剪刀剪纸。

15. Last summer, we went to Italy. 去年夏天，我们去了意大利。

16. I saw that movie two years ago. 我两年前看过那部电影。

17. What did he say about the plan? 他对这个计划说了什么？

18. Nobody told me about the change. 没人告诉我这个变动。

19. I never understood why he left. 我一直不明白他为什么离开。

20. Before the internet, people read more newspapers. 在互联网出现之前，人们读更多的报纸。

2. 一般过去时的疑问句与否定句
[NCE知识点笔记] 详细讲解了结构：疑问句用"Did + 主语 + 动词原形？"；否定句用"主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形"。
[名师精讲] 特别提醒，在疑问句和否定句中，无论主语是谁，助动词一律用"did"，并且主要动词必须打回原形，这是中国学习者最容易忽视的规则。
[语法新思维] 指出，"did"在这里是助动词，没有实际含义，只起构成疑问和否定的语法作用。

- 疑问句结构：

- Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + (其他) ?

- 例句：

- Did you go to London last week? 你上周去伦敦了吗？

- Did she lose her way? 她迷路了吗？

- Did he understand the question? 他理解这个问题了吗？

- What did they do yesterday? (第74课标题) 他们昨天做了什么？

- Where did you put my bag? 你把我的包放哪儿了？

- 否定句结构：

- 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + (其他)。

- 例句：

- He did not (didn't) understand English. 他不懂英语。

- I didn't see him at the party. 我在派对上没看到他。

- They didn't tell me the truth. 他们没有告诉我真相。

- She didn't take out her phone. 她没有拿出手机。

- We didn't go to the airport yesterday. 我们昨天没去机场。

3. 副词修饰动词
[语法新思维] 将副词定义为修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子的词。方式副词回答"如何地"(how)这一问题。
[NCE知识点笔记] 指出，方式副词通常位于动词之后，如果动词有宾语，则位于宾语之后。
[名师精讲] 补充，以-ly结尾的副词大多由形容词加-ly构成（如pleasant → pleasantly, slow → slowly）。

- 本课例句：

- He smiled pleasantly. 他友好地微笑。

- He read the phrase slowly. 他慢慢地读着短语。

- She said goodbye warmly. 她热情地道别。（拓展）

- They worked hard yesterday. 他们昨天努力工作。（注意hard本身可作副词）

- Please speak clearly. 请说清楚点。

4. 与之前语法点的对比分析

- 一般过去时 vs. 一般现在时：本课故事中"She does not know London well" (一般现在时，描述常态) 与"she lost her way last week" (一般过去时，描述过去事件) 形成清晰对比。第74课的所有句子都与过去时间状语连用，强化了过去时的概念。

- 不规则动词过去式 vs. 规则动词过去式：第73课重点是不规则变化，而第74课的图片描述中，除了"went", "sold"，其他如typed, walked, washed, painted, waited, worked都是规则动词加-ed的过去式。这提供了一个混合练习的机会，让学生同时注意两种变化。

- Can you...? (请求) vs. Did you...? (询问过去)："Can you tell me the way?" 是现在时，表示当前的能力和请求。"Did you tell her the way?" 是过去时，询问是否发生过告知的动作。两者句型相似但时态和功能不同。

练习题（不少于10道，附答案）

1. 写出下列动词的过去式：go, see, tell, put, take, find, read, lose.

答案：went, saw, told, put, took, found, read (/red/), lost.

2. 用动词的过去式填空：Last Sunday, I _______ (go) to the park. I _______ (see) many children there. They _______ (play) happily.

答案：went, saw, were playing/played. (最后一空可用过去进行时或一般过去时)

3. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句：She lost her keys yesterday.

答案：Did she lose her keys yesterday?

4. 将下列句子改为否定句：He told me the secret.

答案：He did not (didn't) tell me the secret.

5. 选择正确的动词形式：Did you (understand/understood) the lesson?

答案：understand

6. 连词成句：slowly / he / the letter / read / .

答案：He read the letter slowly.

7. 根据第74课图片C造句：The typist _______ some letters the day before yesterday.

答案：typed

8. 翻译：你昨天把车停在哪里了？(用park)

答案：Where did you park your car yesterday?

9. 改正句中的错误：She didn't went to school last Monday.

答案：She didn't go to school last Monday. (助动词did后动词用原形)

10. 用"Can you tell me the way to...?"造句，目的地是"the library"。

答案：Can you tell me the way to the library, please?

✏️ 第五部分：基础练习与活动

1. 跟读练习

- 目标：模仿课文录音的语音、语调、连读和节奏。

- 方法：播放第73课课文录音。第一遍静听，注意标注出的连读和语调。第二遍逐句跟读，努力模仿。第三遍尝试不看课文同步跟读。重点关注：

- "went to London"

- "lost her way"

- "ask him the way"

- "Can you tell me the way to...?"

- "did not understand"

- "took out a phrasebook"

2. 角色扮演

- 活动：双人对话"Asking for Directions"。

- 角色：Student A (Tourist), Student B (Local / Non-English Speaker).

- 情景：Tourist wants to go to the City Museum.

- 流程：

- Version 1 (Successful): B作为本地人，成功指路。

- Version 2 (Unsuccessful): B作为不会英语的游客，礼貌拒绝。

- 每组表演两个版本。必须使用"Excuse me", "Can you tell me the way to...?", "I'm sorry, I don't speak English."等核心句。

3. 简单替换练习

- 句型：Can you tell me the way to King Street, please?

- 替换地点：the post office, the train station, the supermarket, the hospital, the police station, the nearest bank, the bus station, the cinema.

- 练习方式：教师说出地点，学生快速造出完整的问路句。

4. 听力理解题目

- 材料：基于课文改编的简短对话。

- 录音脚本 (教师朗读)：
"Woman: Excuse me.
Man: Yes?
Woman: Can you tell me the way to Green Park, please?
Man: I'm sorry. I don't speak English.
Woman: Oh, I see. Thank you anyway."

- 问题：

1. Where does the woman want to go? (Green Park)

2. Can the man help her? Why or why not? (No, because he doesn't speak English.)

3. What does the woman say at the end? (Thank you anyway.)

5. 课文改写版本（词汇更简单）

- 改写文：
Last week, a woman went to a big city. She did not know the city. She was lost. She saw a man. She asked him, "How do I go to River Street?" The man smiled. But he did not know English. He was from another country. He had a small book with English sentences. He looked in the book. Then he said, "I am sorry. I cannot speak English."

- 目的：降低词汇难度，帮助学生更专注于核心句型和过去时态的理解。

参考答案（听力理解部分已在题目中给出）

🤔 第六部分：英文深度思考与拓展（强化版）

A. 层次化英文问题与答案

Level 1 (Factual): 事实性问题

1. Q: Where did Mrs. Mills go last week?
A: She went to London last week.

2. Q: What did Mrs. Mills say to the man near the bus stop?
A: She said, "Excuse me, can you tell me the way to King Street, please?"

3. Q: Did the man understand English?
A: No, he did not understand English.

4. Q: What language did the man speak?
A: He spoke German.

5. Q: What did the man take out of his pocket?
A: He took out a phrasebook.

Level 2 (Inferential): 推理性问题

1. Q: Why did Mrs. Mills decide to ask the man for directions?
A: She saw him near a bus stop and probably thought he was a local person who could help her.

2. Q: How do you think Mrs. Mills felt when the man smiled pleasantly but then took out a phrasebook?
A: She probably felt hopeful at first when he smiled, but then confused or disappointed when she realized he might not speak English.

3. Q: Why did the man read the phrase slowly from his phrasebook?
A: He was probably not confident in his English pronunciation, or he was carefully finding the correct sentence to say.

4. Q: What can we infer about the man from the fact that he carried a phrasebook?
A: We can infer that he was a tourist who anticipated situations where he might need to communicate in English, showing he was prepared.

5. Q: Looking at Lesson 74, Picture E, what might the people have eaten before they washed the dishes?
A: They probably ate lunch, as the caption says "after lunch yesterday."

Level 3 (Evaluative/Creative): 评价/创造性问题

1. Q: If you were the man with the phrasebook, what other English phrases do you think would be useful for a tourist to know?
A: I think useful phrases would be: "Where is the restroom?", "How much does this cost?", "I need help, please," and "Thank you for your kindness."

2. Q: Besides asking a stranger, what are some modern ways people can find their way in a new city without speaking the local language?
A: Modern ways include using smartphone maps (like Google Maps), translation apps, following signs with universal symbols, or asking for help at official information centers or hotels.

3. Q: Do you think it is better to try to speak a few words of the local language when traveling, even if you make mistakes, or to rely entirely on tools like phrasebooks or apps? Why?
A: I think it is better to try speaking a few words. Making an effort shows respect for the local culture and often makes people more willing to help. Mistakes are usually forgiven, and it can lead to more friendly interactions.

4. Q: Imagine a different ending to the story. The man understands a little English. Write one or two sentences of what he might say to Mrs. Mills.
A: He might say, "King Street? Go straight, then turn right at the second traffic lights. It is next to a big church." Or, "I am not sure. Maybe ask the shopkeeper over there."

B. 多类型拓展阅读

1. 现代场景故事 (Modern Scenario)
Anna's phone battery died just as she stepped out of the London Underground. She needed to find the Tate Modern art gallery. Feeling anxious, she approached a young woman wearing headphones. "Excuse me," Anna began, raising her voice slightly. The woman removed one earbud. "Sorry, can you help me? I'm looking for the Tate Modern." The woman smiled. "Sure! It's actually really close. See that bridge? Walk across the Millennium Bridge right there. The big brick building on the other side of the river is it. You can't miss it!" Relieved, Anna thanked her. Sometimes, old-fashioned asking still works best.
引导性问题：Why was Anna worried at the beginning, and how did the helper's directions solve her problem?

2. 文化背景小知识 (Cultural Background)
"Excuse me" is a magic phrase in English-speaking cultures. It's used not only for asking directions but also for getting someone's attention politely, apologizing for a minor bump, or indicating you need to pass by someone. In the UK, it's considered much more polite than just starting to speak. The response to "Excuse me" is often a simple "Yes?" or a friendly look. Similarly, smiling during an interaction, like the man in our lesson did, is a strong non-verbal signal of friendliness and openness, even before any words are exchanged. It helps to soften a request or a refusal.
引导性问题：According to the text, what are two main purposes of saying "Excuse me," and why is smiling important?

3. 今昔对比 (Then and Now)
Thirty years ago, travelers like the man in Lesson 73 heavily relied on physical phrasebooks, dictionaries, and paper maps. Asking locals was a primary method to get information. Today, the scene might be very different. Mrs. Mills might simply take out her smartphone, open a maps app, and type "King Street." She would get instant directions, even with voice guidance. The German tourist might use a real-time translation app to speak or listen. While technology has made navigation easier, the basic human interaction of asking for help with a polite "Excuse me" and a smile remains a valuable and sometimes necessary skill, especially when technology fails or for experiencing genuine local connection.
引导性问题：How has technology changed the way people solve the problem of being lost or needing translation, compared to the time of phrasebooks?

4. 新潮英语改写 (Trendy Rewrite)
So, last week, Mrs. M. was in London. Total newbie to the city, right? She got majorly lost. Spotted this dude chillin' near a bus stop. "Alright," she thinks, "let's ask him." She goes, "Hey, excuse me? Any chance you could point me towards King Street?" Guy gives her a super friendly grin. Plot twist: He's like, "No English, sorry." Turns out he's a tourist, German. Whips out his trusty old phrasebook, flips through it, and slowly says, "Yeah... I don't speak English." Awkward! But kinda wholesome.
引导性问题：How does this version change the feeling of the story compared to the original textbook version?

5. 难度略高的拓展阅读 (Higher Difficulty)
The concept of "losing one's way" transcends mere geographical disorientation. It can be a metaphor for moments of confusion in life, career, or personal growth. The response to being lost, however, often follows a similar pattern: recognition of the situation ("I am lost"), seeking a reference point (the bus stop, a familiar face), and asking for guidance (from a person, a book, or introspection). The German tourist's phrasebook symbolizes prepared resources we turn to when our own knowledge is insufficient. His eventual polite refusal, "I do not speak English," reminds us that not every source we approach will have the answers we seek, and that in itself is a form of closure, prompting us to look elsewhere. The journey, whether literal or figurative, continues.
引导性问题：What does the author suggest is the symbolic meaning of "losing one's way" and the "phrasebook"?

🌍 第七部分：日常应用延伸

1. 本课语言点在日常生活中的应用场景

- 旅行与出行：在任何陌生城市、校园、大型商场或交通枢纽，本课的问路句型是生存必备技能。其应用远不止于寻找一条街道。

- 寻找设施：Can you tell me the way to the restroom? (请问洗手间怎么走？) Excuse me, where is the nearest ATM? (打扰一下，最近的自动取款机在哪？)

- 公共交通：Can you tell me how to get to the subway station? (请问去地铁站怎么走？) Which way to Platform 3? (3号站台怎么走？)

- 紧急情况：I'm lost. Can you help me find my hotel? It's called the Sunshine Hotel. (我迷路了。你能帮我找到我的酒店吗？叫阳光酒店。)

- 应对语言障碍：在全球化的今天，遇到语言不通的情况越来越普遍。本课提供了礼貌应对的范本。

- 作为求助者被拒时：可以像米尔斯夫人一样，理解对方的困境，微笑着说 Thank you anyway. (仍然谢谢你。) 或 No problem. I'll ask someone else. (没关系，我问别人。)

- 作为被求助者时：如果你不懂对方语言，可以模仿课文中的德国游客，先说 I'm sorry. 然后表明 I don't speak [语言]. 为了更有效，可以加上手势或指向信息台 (Information desk)。

- 叙述过去经历：与朋友分享日常或旅行见闻时，本课的不规则动词过去式是核心工具。

- 闲聊：Guess what? Last weekend, I **went** hiking and completely **lost** my way! Luckily, I **saw** a farmer who **told** me the right path. (猜猜怎么了？上周末我去徒步，完全迷路了！幸运的是，我看到一个农民，他给我指了正确的路。)

- 汇报行程：Yesterday, I **took** the bus to the museum, **found** a great exhibition, and **read** about ancient history. (昨天，我坐公交车去了博物馆，发现了一个很棒的展览，还读了关于古代历史的内容。)

- 提出礼貌请求：Can you tell me...? 是一个万能礼貌请求句式，可广泛应用于获取信息。

- Can you tell me the time? (请问现在几点？)

- Can you tell me your email address? (能告诉我你的邮箱地址吗？)

- Can you tell me what this word means? (你能告诉我这个词是什么意思吗？)

2. 建议简单拓展学习材料

- 视频资源：

- 在YouTube或Bilibili搜索"BBC Learning English - How to ask for directions"或"Real English Conversation - Asking for and Giving Directions"，观看短小精悍的情景对话，注意母语者的语速、连读和肢体语言。

- 观看带有英文字幕的旅行vlog，观察博主在陌生环境中如何自然地使用 Excuse me 和 Can you... 进行互动。

- 应用程序 (Apps)：

- 地图类：将手机地图应用（如Google Maps、Apple Maps）的语言设置为英语，尝试用英文搜索目的地，听取英文语音导航。这能沉浸式学习地点词汇和方向指令（如"Proceed straight"，"Turn left in 200 meters"）。

- 词典与翻译类：使用欧路词典、有道词典或DeepL，查询本课生词时，不仅看释义，更要收听英音和美音的双重发音示范，并浏览例句库，了解词汇的真实使用语境。

- 语法游戏类：一些英语学习App（如Duolingo, Grammarly）有针对过去时态的小测验或游戏，可以通过轻松的方式巩固不规则动词变化。

- 实体书籍延伸：

- 结合《新概念英语口语宝典 第1册.pdf》，找到与"问路"、"旅行"相关的单元，学习更多场景句型和替代说法。

- 翻阅《新概念英语美文欣赏 第1册.pdf》，寻找关于旅行或文化交流的短文，在欣赏故事的同时，感受语言的美感。

3. 英美生活小常识

- 问路时的社交礼仪：

- 开场至关重要：务必以 Excuse me 开头，直接提问会被视为粗鲁。说完后等待对方眼神或言语回应（如"Yes?" "Sure."），再提出具体问题。

- 选择询问对象：优先选择看起来不匆忙、处于静止状态的人（如在长椅上休息、在咖啡馆外坐着）。警察、便利店店员、酒店前台是理想的求助对象。通常，带着宠物或婴儿车的人也相对友善且有耐心。

- 接受帮助的态度：指路过程中，可以通过点头 (I see)、重复关键指令 (So, turn right at the second light?) 来表示你在认真听。无论指路是否最终帮到你，结束对话时一定要真诚地说 Thank you so much for your help! 或 Have a nice day!。

- 关于距离和方向的表达：

- 英美人很少用精确的"米"或"公里"。他们常用 "block" (街区) 和 步行/车程时间 来描述距离。

- It's just two blocks down this road. (沿着这条路走两个街区就是。)

- It's about a ten-minute walk. (步行大约十分钟。)

- You're looking at a five-minute drive. (开车大概五分钟。)

- 地标参照：指路时常以醒目建筑为参照物。You'll see a big red post office on your left. The place you want is just past it. (你会看到左边有个很大的红色邮局。你要找的地方就在它过去一点。)

- "Sorry"的文化内涵：

- 在英国，"Sorry"的使用频率极高，远远超出道歉的范畴。它常用于：

- 轻微的身体接触（即使是被撞到的一方也可能说Sorry）。

- 没听清对方说话时 (Sorry? 或 Pardon?)。

- 表达同情 (I'm sorry to hear that.)。

- 作为一种社交润滑剂，使对话更柔和。因此，像课文中游客那样，为无法提供帮助而说"I'm sorry"，是一种体现教养和同理心的表现，并非承认错误。

🗂️ 第八部分：本课知识图谱（结构化逻辑图）

本课围绕 "在陌生环境中的迷路与求助" 这一核心主题展开，语言知识层层递进，服务于实际交际功能。

核心对话主题：迷路与求助 (Getting Lost and Asking for Help)

├─ 主要句型1：描述过去事件序列 (Narrating a Past Event Sequence)

│ ├─ 语法支撑：不规则动词的一般过去时 (陈述句)

│ └─ 关键词汇 (动词)：went (go), lost (lose), saw (see), said (say), put / took out (put / take out), opened / found / read (open / find / read)

│ └─ 关键词汇 (名词/其他)：London, way, bus stop, pocket, phrasebook, last week, suddenly, then

├─ 主要句型2：发起礼貌问路请求 (Making a Polite Request for Directions)

│ ├─ 语法支撑：情态动词 Can 引导的一般疑问句 (表示请求)

│ └─ 功能短语：Excuse me. (礼貌开场), Can you tell me the way to + [地点]? (核心请求句), ...please? (礼貌收尾)

│ └─ 关键词汇：tell, way, King Street (可替换为任何地点)

├─ 主要句型3：表达能力缺失与礼貌拒绝 (Expressing Inability and Polite Refusal)

│ ├─ 语法支撑：一般现在时否定句 (do not + V原形)

│ └─ 功能短语：I'm sorry. (表达歉意/遗憾), I do not speak English. (陈述能力局限)

│ └─ 关键词汇：understand, speak, English, German, tourist

└─ 主要句型4：询问他人过往活动 (Inquiring About Past Activities)

├─ 语法支撑：一般过去时疑问句 (Did... do...?)

├─ 语法延伸：规则动词过去式 (-ed) 的巩固 (第74课)

└─ 关键词汇 (动词过去式)：went, sold, typed, walked, washed, painted, waited, worked

└─ 关键词汇 (时间状语)：yesterday, last week, the day before yesterday, after lunch, last month, last weekend

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