#新概念英语#第一册

#HowDoYouDo#职业名词

#名词复数#物主代词

#WhatAreTheirJobs#商务介绍

#办公室英语#HowDoYouDo回答

🎯 本课学习目标

词汇：

掌握与职业、介绍、问候相关的核心名词和表达，如 employee, sales rep, office assistant, meet, job 等，并理解其用法。

语法：

掌握名词复数的规则变化（-s, -es）；理解并运用物主代词（our, their, his, her）；巩固特殊疑问句 What...? 的构成与回答。

技能（日常对话）：

能够在正式或半正式场合进行初次见面问候、介绍他人及询问职业的对话。

文化：

了解英语中初次见面问候语 How do you do? 的正式用法及回应方式；初步感知不同职业的常见英文表达。

📖 第一部分：课文完整内容

Lesson 17 How do you do?

Lesson 18 What are their jobs?

🔍 第二部分：逐句精讲与词块总结

💬 第三部分：基础会话技巧

1. 分析课文中的日常用语、礼貌表达、问答模式- 正式介绍与问候：杰克逊先生使用"Come and meet..."发起介绍，然后逐一介绍员工("This is...")。被介绍的双方使用最正式的问候语"How do you do?"。- 询问职业的模式：理查兹先生观察后使用"What are their jobs?"询问一群人的职业。回答模式固定为"They're + 职业名称"。- 附加评论：在问答职业后，对话中加入了主观评论，如"very hard-working"和"very lazy"，使对话更生动。

2. 提供类似场景的扩展对话示例场景：在学校，老师向新同学介绍班级干部。A (Teacher): Tom, come and meet our class committee. This is Lucy, and this is David.B (Tom): How do you do?C&D (Lucy & David): How do you do?B: They look very organized. What are their jobs in the class?A: Lucy is our monitor, and David is our PE representative.B: I see. Thank you.

3. 设计简单的角色扮演活动建议- 活动1：公司开放日。学生三人一组。一人扮演经理，一人扮演访客，一人扮演员工。经理向访客介绍员工，并询问员工的工作。访客进行问候并询问员工的职业。员工回答。- 活动2：职业猜猜猜。一位学生用"They are very [形容词]. What are their jobs?"来描述一种职业，其他学生猜测。

4. 融入基础思考- 如果你是理查兹先生，在听到杰克逊先生说某些员工"very lazy"时，你会怎么回应才显得礼貌？- 在你的生活中，什么时候会用到"How do you do?"这样的问候？什么时候用"Nice to meet you."更合适？

📐 第四部分：本课语法精析（加强版）

1. 名词的复数形式 (Plural Forms of Nouns)- 规则变化：大多数名词直接加 -s (employee→employees, job→jobs, operator→operators)；以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾加 -es (bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, dish→dishes)；以辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es (country→countries)；以-f或-fe结尾多数变-ves (wife→wives, knife→knives)。- 不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice。- 单复数同形：sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese。- 只有复数形式的名词：trousers, glasses, scissors (谓语用复数)。语法功能：名词复数与谓语动词复数形式(are)必须一致。例：Those women are hard-working.

2. 物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)形容词性物主代词：后面必须紧跟名词，不能单独使用。our employees, their jobs, his book, her car, its tail, your name, my pen.人称代词系统表：

例句对比：They are in the office. I know them. Their office is big. This office is theirs.

3. 询问职业的特殊疑问句 (Special Questions about Jobs)- 结构：What + are + their jobs? (What 作表语，are 与复数主语一致)- 不同主语的转换：What is his/her job? / What does he/she do? (询问单个人)；What are their jobs?；What is your job?；What are your jobs?- 选择疑问句：Are they + 职业A + or + 职业B? 回答不能用Yes/No，必须选择。课文模式：They aren't A. They're B.

练习题 1. 将下列名词变为复数形式：man, woman, job, assistant, box, watch, country, child. → men, women, jobs, assistants, boxes, watches, countries, children.2. 用 am, is, are 填空：Those ______ keyboard operators. Their office ______ very clean. I ______ an office assistant. → are, is, am3. 选择正确的物主代词填空：This is ______ (we/our) company. ______ (They/Their) jobs are interesting. → our, Their4. 根据括号内提示改写句子：They are nurses. (对划线部分提问，划线部分为nurses) → What are their jobs?5. 将下列句子改为选择疑问句：They are teachers. (给出选项：engineers) → Are they teachers or engineers?6. 回答选择疑问句：Are they postmen or policemen? (他们是邮递员。) → They aren't policemen. They're postmen.7. 翻译：那些勤奋的女人是我们的雇员。 → Those hard-working women are our employees.8. 翻译：这个年轻人是谁？他是我们的新销售代表。 → Who is this young man? He is our new sales rep.9. 用所给词的正确形式填空：Look at those ______ (woman). They are ______ (busy). → women, busy10. 补全对话：A: Come and meet ______ (we) team. B: OK. A: This is Tom, and this is Anna. B: ______ ______ ______? (正式问候) C&D: ______ ______ ______? B: What ______ ______ ______? (他们的工作) A: Tom is a designer, and Anna ______ ______ office manager. → our, How do you do, How do you do, are their jobs, is our

✏️ 第五部分：基础练习与活动

跟读练习：播放课文录音，学生逐句跟读。重点模仿"How do you do?"的正式语调，以及"What are their jobs?"的疑问句升调。

角色扮演：三人一组，分别扮演老板、访客和员工，模拟课文对话。然后互换角色，并使用第18课的不同职业进行替换练习。

简单替换练习：句型：What are their jobs? They are ______. 替换词：policemen, nurses, taxi drivers, engineers, hairdressers, teachers, air hostesses, keyboard operators. 扩展：加入形容词，如：They are very busy sales reps.

听力理解题目（根据课文录音）：1. Mr. Richards meets Mr. Jackson's employees. (T)2. Nicola and Claire are very lazy. (F)3. Michael and Jeremy are hard-working. (F)4. Michael and Jeremy are sales reps. (T)5. Jim is the office assistant. (T)

课文改写版本（词汇更简单）：Boss: Hello, Mr. Lee. Meet my workers.Visitor: Thanks.Boss: This is Anna. This is Bella.Visitor: Hello.Visitor: Those women work hard. What do they do?Boss: They type on computers.Boss: This is Carl. This is Dan.Visitor: Hello.Visitor: They are not busy! What do they do?Boss: They sell things. They are lazy.Visitor: Who is that boy?Boss: This is Tim. He helps in our office.

🤔 第六部分：英文深度思考与拓展

A. 层次化英文问题与答案

Level 1 (Factual):1. Who does Mr. Jackson ask Mr. Richards to meet? → Mr. Jackson asks Mr. Richards to meet their employees.2. What are the names of the two women introduced? → Their names are Nicola Grey and Claire Taylor.3. What are the jobs of Michael Baker and Jeremy Short? → They are sales reps.4. How does Mr. Jackson describe the sales reps? → He describes them as very lazy.5. Who is the young man at the end? → He is Jim, the office assistant.

Level 2 (Inferential):1. Where do you think the conversation in Lesson 17 takes place? Why? → In an office or a company, because Mr. Jackson is introducing his employees to a visitor.2. Why does Mr. Richards say "Those women are very hard-working" and "They aren't very busy"? → He is making observations based on what he sees.3. What might be the relationship between Mr. Jackson and Mr. Richards? → They are likely business associates or potential partners.4. From Mr. Jackson's words, what kind of boss do you think he is? → Straightforward, perhaps a bit unprofessional to call employees lazy in front of a visitor.

Level 3 (Evaluative/Creative):1. In your opinion, is it polite for Mr. Jackson to call his employees "lazy" in front of a visitor? Why or why not? → Not very polite; it might give a negative impression and embarrass employees.2. If you were Jim, and you heard your boss introduce you, how would you feel and what would you say? → Proud, smile and say "How do you do? It's nice to meet you."3. Think of three different jobs not mentioned in Lessons 17-18. How would you ask and answer about them using the patterns? → e.g., Chef: Are they waiters or chefs? They aren't waiters. They're chefs. etc.4. "How do you do?" is very formal. When do you think people use less formal greetings like "Hello" or "Hi"? → In casual, everyday situations with friends, family, or informal work settings.

B. 多类型拓展阅读

1. 现代场景故事 (Modern Scenario)

The Intern's First DayIt was Emma's first day as an intern at "TechFlow," a buzzing startup. Her mentor, Ms. Chen, greeted her warmly. "Welcome, Emma! Come and meet our core team," she said, leading her into an open-plan office filled with plants and colorful chairs."This is Alex, our lead software developer," Ms. Chen pointed to a young man wearing headphones. "And this is Maya, our UI/UX designer." Both looked up from their screens and smiled. "Hi there!" they said almost together. Emma, remembering her training, replied with a confident, "Hello! Nice to meet you both."Ms. Chen continued, "They're incredibly creative and hard-working." Emma noticed another group laughing by the coffee machine. "What are their jobs?" she asked. "Oh, they're our sales and marketing squad. They're very energetic, as you can see!" Ms. Chen explained. Just then, a friendly young man walked by carrying a box of supplies. "And who is this?" Emma inquired. "That's Leo, our office assistant. He keeps everything running smoothly!" Emma felt excited. It seemed like a great place to learn.

引导性问题：How is the atmosphere at "TechFlow" different from the office in the original Lesson 17?

2. 文化背景小知识 (Cultural Background)

"How Do You Do?" and BeyondThe greeting "How do you do?" is a relic of a more formal time in English-speaking cultures, particularly in Britain. It's a fixed phrase, meaning the expected response is the same words: "How do you do?" It's not a real question about your health or feelings. Using it signals a very formal, respectful, and often first-time meeting, common in business introductions, meeting a friend's parents, or at official events.Today, "Nice to meet you" or "Pleased to meet you" are far more common, even in professional settings. They feel warmer and less stiff. "Hello" or "Hi" with a handshake is also perfectly acceptable in many business contexts now. The choice depends on the company culture and the region. In the United States, formality is generally lower than in the UK.Knowing when to use "How do you do?" shows cultural awareness. If someone says it to you, simply repeat it back with a smile. If you're unsure, "Nice to meet you" is almost always a safe and polite choice.

引导性问题：Why is it important to know that "How do you do?" is a fixed phrase?

3. 今昔对比 (Then and Now)

Offices: Then and NowThe office scene in Lesson 17 likely represents a workplace from the mid-20th century when the textbook was written. Imagine a quiet room with desks in rows, typewriters (keyboards for typing machines), filing cabinets, and perhaps a telephone on each desk. Employees like "keyboard operators" typed documents all day. The "sales reps" might have been out visiting clients or making phone calls from their desks. The boss had a private office.Contrast that with a modern office. Open spaces are common, promoting collaboration. The "keyboard operator" job has largely evolved into "data entry specialist" or "administrative assistant," using computers. Sales reps might be "account managers" or "business development executives," connecting with clients globally via video calls from anywhere. The "office assistant" role still exists but might involve managing digital calendars, ordering supplies online, and coordinating IT support. Technology has changed the tools, but the core functions—organizing, communicating, and selling—remain.

引导性问题：What is one major technological change that has affected the jobs mentioned in the lesson?

4. 新潮英语改写 (Trendy English Rewrite)

Lesson 17: The Vibe CheckYo, Mr. Jackson was giving Mr. Richards the grand tour. "Alright, come meet the squad," he says, all casual.He points, "This is Nic, and this is Claire." They both give a nod. "Hey," says Mr. Richards.He checks out the scene. "Those two are totally grinding," he observes, meaning they're working hard. "What's their gig?" he asks."They're our data ninjas," Mr. Jackson replies. (That means expert keyboard/computer operators).Then he waves at two guys looking chill. "And this is Mike and Jere.""Sup," says Mr. Richards. "They seem... relaxed. What do they do?""They're in sales. Honestly, they're majorly slacking off today," Mr. Jackson admits with a laugh.Spotting a young guy organizing stuff, Mr. Richards asks, "Who's that?""That's Jim. He's our go-to guy, keeps the place from falling apart!" says Mr. Jackson.

引导性问题：How does the use of words like "squad," "grinding," and "gig" change the feel of the conversation?

5. 难度略高的拓展阅读 (Slightly Higher Difficulty)

The Importance of Office AssistantsOften overlooked, the role of an office assistant is the glue that holds many workplaces together. Far from just making coffee or answering phones, modern office assistants are organizational hubs. Their duties can range from managing complex schedules and coordinating meetings to handling correspondence, maintaining office supplies, and serving as the first point of contact for visitors and clients.In the context of Lesson 17, Jim is likely responsible for ensuring the office runs smoothly so that the keyboard operators and sales reps can focus on their core tasks. He might prepare documents for typing, distribute mail, ensure equipment is working, and maintain a welcoming environment for guests like Mr. Richards. A good office assistant possesses strong communication skills, attention to detail, and the ability to multitask. They often have a good understanding of everyone's role in the office, making them a valuable source of information. While entry-level, this position can be a stepping stone to roles in administration, human resources, or management, as it provides a broad view of how a company operates.

引导性问题：According to the text, why is the office assistant role considered important beyond simple tasks?

6. 简单科普或趣闻 (Simple Popular Science or Anecdote)

Why "Women" and Not "Womans"?The English words man and woman have fascinating histories that explain their irregular plurals men and women. They come from Old English. Man originally meant "human being" or "person," not specifically a male. The word for a male person was wer (as in "werewolf" — man-wolf), and for a female person was wif (which became "wife").Over centuries, man gradually took on the meaning of an adult male human. The plural men also evolved from an old plural form. Woman comes from wif + man, meaning "female human." Its plural, women, underwent a special sound change in Middle English where the i in wif shifted, and the spelling stabilized as o, but the pronunciation became /ˈwɪmɪn/.Many common, everyday words in English have irregular plurals because they are very old and their forms were set before spelling rules were standardized. Other examples are foot/feet, tooth/teeth, mouse/mice, and child/children. So, every time you say "women," you're using a word shaped by over a thousand years of language history!

引导性问题：What is the original meaning of the word "man," and how did it change?

🌍 第七部分：日常应用延伸

本课语言点在日常生活中应用场景：- 介绍朋友/同事：在聚会或活动上，用"Come and meet my friend..."或"This is..."介绍他人。- 初次见面：在非常正式的场合（如面试、商务会议、见长辈），如果对方先说"How do you do?"，礼貌地回以"How do you do?"。- 询问职业：在社交中，想了解一群人的工作，可以问"What are their jobs?"。如果想问一个人，更常用"What do you do (for a living)?"。- 描述他人：用"They are very + 形容词"描述观察到的特点，如"They are very friendly/talented/noisy."

简单拓展学习材料：- 视频：搜索"English introductions formal business"或"How to introduce people in English"观看相关短视频。- 歌曲：听一些歌词中包含多种职业的简单英文儿歌或流行歌曲，如"People in My Town"等。- 绘本/读物：寻找儿童英文读物中关于"Jobs"或"When I Grow Up"主题的书籍。

英美生活小常识：- 关于问候：在英美，即使是正式场合，"Nice to meet you"也已非常普遍。用力适中的握手并保持眼神接触是标准礼仪。- 关于谈论工作：询问工作是一种常见的闲聊（small talk）开场白。但避免直接问"How much do you earn?"，这被视为不礼貌和侵犯隐私。- 办公室文化：现代英美办公室文化强调团队合作和沟通。像"office assistant"这样的支持性角色受到尊重，因为他们对团队效率至关重要。

🗂️ 第八部分：本课知识图谱

核心对话主题：办公室介绍与职业询问

├─ 主要句型1：发起介绍与问候 — Come and meet our... / This is... (and this is...). / How do you do?├─ 主要句型2：观察与询问职业 — Those/These + 复数名词 + are + (very) + 形容词. / What are their jobs? — They are + 职业名称 (复数). / They are (very) + 形容词.├─ 主要句型3：确认身份 — Who is this/that...? — This is... He's/She's our...├─ 关键语法节点：名词复数规则与不规则 (men, women)；形容词性物主代词 (our, their)；特殊疑问句 (What are...?) 与选择疑问句 (Are they A or B?)└─ 关键词汇网络：人物：employee, man/men, woman/women, young man；职业：keyboard operator, sales rep, office assistant, policeman, nurse, teacher, engineer, taxi driver, air hostess, hairdresser, customs officer, postman；描述：hard-working, busy, lazy；动词/短语：come, meet, thank.

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