#新概念英语#第一册

#OurVillage#现在进行时

#方位介词#ThereBe句型

#村庄描述#日常活动

#WhatAreTheyDoing#地理词汇

🎯 本课学习目标

词汇：

掌握与地理方位、村庄描述相关的核心名词（如 village, valley, hill, river, bank, park, building）和介词（如 between, into, out of）。学习描述人物动作的动词及现在分词形式（如 walking, looking at, cooking, eating, drinking）。所有重点词汇均标注蓝思值，便于分级阅读参考。

语法：

深入理解并掌握现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense) 的构成（be动词 + 动词-ing）及其表意功能（描述正在发生的动作）。巩固 There be 句型在描述场景中的应用。学习方位介词（between, beside, on the right/left）的准确使用。

技能（日常对话）：

能够用英语简单描述一个地方（如自己的家乡、公园、学校）的布局和景物。能够询问并描述他人正在进行的活动。培养观察并用英语即时描述所见场景的能力。

文化：

初步了解英语国家典型乡村的构成元素（如 church, valley）。体会英语中描述静态场景与动态活动的不同语言逻辑。

📖 第一部分：课文完整内容

Lesson 35: Our village

Lesson 36: Where...? & What...?

🔍 第二部分：逐句精讲与词块总结

💬 第三部分：基础会话技巧

1. 分析课文中的日常用语、礼貌表达、问答模式
- 第35课主要是描述性独白，使用 This is..., It is..., There is... 等句型客观介绍场景。语言平实，逻辑清晰（从全景到细节，从静态到动态）。
- 第36课是典型的日常问答模式。Where are you going? 和 What are you doing? 是询问他人动向和活动的万能句。回答简洁，常用省略形式 (To the...) 或直接陈述 (I'm V-ing.)。这种问答高度场景化，与地点 (bookshop, cinema) 和在该地点的典型活动 (reading, watching a film) 紧密绑定。

2. 提供类似场景的扩展对话示例
场景：在公园遇见朋友
A: Hi, Tom! What are you doing here?
B: Oh, hi, Lisa! I'm walking my dog. (指着远处) He's running on the grass.
A: I see. The park is really nice, isn't it? Look, there are some children playing football over there.
B: Yes. And there's a man sitting on that bench and reading a newspaper.
A: Well, I'm going to the lake. Some ducks are swimming in it. Want to come with me?
B: Sure! Let's go.

3. 设计简单的角色扮演活动建议
- 活动1：我是导游。学生A手持一张风景或校园照片（或自行绘制简单图画），向学生B介绍图片内容。必须使用 This is..., It is between/beside..., There is/are..., Some people are V-ing... 等句型。
- 活动2：猜猜我在哪儿/在干嘛。学生A在心里想一个地点（如 library, swimming pool）或一个动作（如 eating an apple, listening to music）。学生B用 Where are you going? 或 What are you doing? 提问来猜测。A只能回答 Yes 或 No。B需要在有限次数内猜中。

4. 融入基础思考：设计1-2个简单的代入式问题
- 问题1：如果你要向一位外国朋友介绍你的学校或你家附近的一个公园，你会首先描述什么？你会用课文里的哪些句子？
- 问题2：观察一下你周围的人，他们正在做什么？尝试用英语在心里默默描述一下，比如 "My classmate is writing." "The teacher is talking."

📐 第四部分：本课语法精析（加强版）

现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)

一、现在进行时的构成与基本概念
由 "be动词 (am/is/are) + 动词的现在分词 (V-ing)" 构成。主要表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的状态。强调动作的进行性、暂时性和未完成性。

二、现在分词的构成规则
1. 一般情况下，直接加 -ing。 do → doing, read → reading, walk → walking
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 -ing。 come → coming, write → writing, make → making
3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加 -ing。 run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting, put → putting
4. 以 ie 结尾，变 ie 为 y，再加 -ing。 die → dying, lie → lying, tie → tying

三、现在进行时的具体用法（结合本课例句）
1. 表示说话时正在发生的动作：My wife and I are walking along the banks. / He is swimming across the river. / Some children are coming out of the building.
2. 表示现阶段（但非说话瞬间）正在进行的动作：I am reading a very interesting novel this week.
3. 表示近期计划好的、将要发生的动作（常用于 go, come, leave, start 等）：Where are you going? I'm going to the bookshop.

四、现在进行时与一般现在时的对比分析
- 一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或普遍真理。例：I walk to school every day.
- 现在进行时：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。例：I am walking to school now.

五、现在进行时的句型结构
肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + V-ing + (其他).
否定句：在 am/is/are 后加 not。
一般疑问句：将 am/is/are 提到主语前。
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + V-ing + (其他)?

六、不能用于进行时态的动词
感知动词 (see, hear, smell, taste, feel)；情感动词 (like, love, hate, want)；思维动词 (know, think, believe)；所属动词 (have, own) 等，通常不用进行时。

七、练习题（不少于10道）
1. 用所给动词的现在进行时形式填空。
a) Look! The boys __________ (play) football on the playground.
b) Listen! Someone __________ (knock) at the door.
c) --- Where is Mum? --- She __________ (cook) in the kitchen.
d) Be quiet! The baby __________ (sleep).
e) It's 8 o'clock now. We __________ (have) an English lesson.
f) --- What __________ you __________ (do)? --- I __________ (write) an email.
g) They __________ (not watch) TV. They __________ (read) books.
h) --- __________ your sister __________ (come) with us? --- Yes, she is.
i) The students __________ (walk) into the classroom.
j) The river __________ (flow) very fast today.

2. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。
a) Tom is cleaning his bike.
b) The birds are singing in the tree.

3. 将下列句子改为否定句。
a) I am waiting for the bus.
b) She is telling a story.

4. 用现在进行时或一般现在时填空。
a) I usually __________ (go) to school by bike, but today I __________ (walk).
b) He __________ (watch) TV every evening, but now he __________ (listen) to music.
c) Water __________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. Look, the water __________ (boil) now.

八、练习题答案
1. a) are playing b) is knocking c) is cooking d) is sleeping e) are having f) are... doing; am writing g) are not watching; are reading h) Is... coming i) are walking j) is flowing
2. a) Is Tom cleaning his bike? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. b) Are the birds singing in the tree? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
3. a) I am not waiting for the bus. b) She is not telling a story.
4. a) go; am walking b) watches; is listening c) boils; is boiling

✏️ 第五部分：基础练习与活动

1. 跟读练习：播放课文录音，学生逐句跟读，特别注意 are walking, is swimming, are coming, going into 等现在分词和介词的连读。重点练习第36课的问答句型，模仿其自然的语调和缩读形式 (Where're you going?, What're you doing?)。

2. 角色扮演：活动：周末计划。两人一组。学生A用 What are you doing this weekend? 提问。学生B根据抽到的卡片（卡片上写有地点和活动，如 cinema / watch a new film, park / fly a kite）回答 I'm going to the... I'm ...ing.。然后互换角色。

3. 简单替换练习：替换主语：He is swimming. → They are swimming. / The boy is swimming. 替换动词：We are walking. → We are running. / We are jumping. 替换地点状语：They are going into the park. → They are going into the school. / They are coming out of the shop. 综合替换：根据图片造句。图片1：一个女孩在读书。→ The girl is reading a book.

4. 听力理解题目：（假设一段简短录音，描述一个公园场景）
问题1：Where are the two speakers?
问题2：What is the man doing?
问题3：What are the children doing?
问题4：Is there a river in the park?
（参考答案可根据自编的录音内容设定，例如：1. In a park. 2. He is sitting on a bench and reading a newspaper. 3. They are playing football. 4. Yes, there is.）

5. 课文改写版本（词汇更简单）：Lesson 35 简化版：This is a picture of our town. Our town is in a valley. It is between two small mountains. The town is near a river. In this picture, my mother and I are walking by the river. We are on the left side. A boy is in the water. He is swimming. In another picture, this is the school. It is next to a garden. The garden is on the right. Some boys and girls are leaving the school. Some are going into the garden.

🤔 第六部分：英文深度思考与拓展（强化版）

A. 层次化英文问题与答案
Level 1 (Factual):
1. Q: Where is the village in the photograph? A: The village is in a valley.
2. Q: What are the man and his wife doing in the second photograph? A: They are walking along the banks of the river.
3. Q: Where is the park in relation to the school building? A: The park is beside the school building, and it is on the right.
4. Q: What is the boy in the water doing? A: He is swimming across the river.
Level 2 (Inferential):
5. Q: Why does the speaker show several photographs instead of just one? A: He probably wants to give a more complete picture of his village, showing its location, the people's activities, and different places like the river and the school.
6. Q: Based on the activities described (walking, swimming, children coming out of school), what time of day do you think it might be in the photographs? Why? A: It might be in the afternoon. Children are coming out of the school building, which suggests school is over. It could be a time when people are enjoying leisure activities outdoors.
7. Q: If you hear someone ask "Where are you going?" and the answer is "To the baker's," what can you infer the person is likely to do there? A: You can infer that the person is likely to buy bread, cakes, or other baked goods.
8. Q: What does the use of the Present Continuous Tense in Lesson 36 tell us about the nature of the questions "Where are you going?" and "What are you doing?" A: It tells us that these questions are about actions that are happening right now or are about to happen very soon. They are not about habitual routines.
Level 3 (Evaluative/Creative):
9. Q: Imagine you are one of the children coming out of the school building. What are you thinking about or where are you planning to go after entering the park? A: (Example answer) I am thinking about meeting my friends under the big tree. We plan to play football in the park until dinner time.
10. Q: Do you think living in a village "between two hills" and "on a river" would be nice? Why or why not? A: (Example answer) Yes, I think it would be very peaceful and beautiful. There would be fresh air, nice views, and you could enjoy activities like walking by the river or swimming. However, it might be less convenient than living in a city with more shops and services.
11. Q: Create a short dialogue between two friends using the pattern from Lesson 36, but set it in a modern context (e.g., going to a shopping mall, a gym, or using a smartphone). A: (Example answer) A: Hey, where are you going? B: To the shopping mall. A: What are you doing there? B: I'm meeting my cousin. We're watching a movie and maybe getting some bubble tea later.
12. Q: The text describes a scene passively ("Some children are coming out..."). If you were a film director shooting this scene, what sounds or close-up details would you add to make it more vivid for the audience? A: (Example answer) I would add the sound of a school bell ringing, children laughing and talking, the rustling of their bags, and maybe the sound of a ball bouncing. A close-up could show a child's smiling face or their shoes stepping from the school stairs onto the park path.

B. 多类型拓展阅读
1. 现代场景故事 (Modern Scene Story)
My Digital Village
This isn't a photograph; it's a screenshot from my drone! Our neighborhood isn't in a valley, but between two busy highways. You can see the community park on the riverbank, which is actually a man-made canal. My friend and I are walking along the jogging track, not dirt banks. We're on the left side of the picture, wearing sports watches. Look! There's a guy on a stand-up paddleboard, not swimming, going across the canal. In another screenshot, that's the community center building. Beside it is a skate park, always on the right when you approach from the main gate. Some teenagers are coming out of the center after a coding club. A few of them are heading into the skate park with their boards.
引导性问题：How is this modern "village" similar to and different from the one in the textbook?
2. 文化背景小知识 (Cultural Background)
The English Village
The traditional English village often had a clear layout. At its heart was the village green, a common grassy area for gatherings. The church was usually a prominent building. A pub (public house) was the social center. Villages were often built near a river for water and sometimes for power for mills. The description in our lesson---"between two hills, on a river"---is classic. "Walking along the banks" is a very popular leisure activity in Britain, known as a "riverside walk." The "school building" in the photo might be the village school, which was (and in some places still is) a key institution for community life.
引导性问题：What are the key parts of a traditional English village according to this passage?
3. 今昔对比 (Then and Now)
Then:"Here is another photograph of the village," said Grandfather, holding up a faded black-and-white picture. "My wife and I are walking along the banks of the river. The water was so clean we could swim in it. That boy there is swimming across." He pointed to a blurry figure. "The school building was small, made of stone. Children walked home or played in the park right after."
Now:Emma swiped on her tablet. "This is a live stream from our home camera. See, that's the same river, but now there's a paved path along the bank. People are cycling and jogging. The old school is now a community museum. The new school, that big glass building beside the sports field, is just off-screen. Kids come out and many get on buses or are picked up by cars."
引导性问题：What are two major changes in how people use the riverbank and what happens after school?
4. 新潮英语改写 (Trendy English Rewrite)
Yo, Check Out My 'Hood!
Okay, so this is a pic of my village. Lit, right? It's, like, chilling in this valley. Smack dab between two hills. And yeah, it's right by the river. Swipe left? Here's another one. That's me and my SO (significant other) strolling by the river. We're on the left. Dude in the water? He's totally swimming across. Next pic! That's the school. It's next to this park---park's on the right. Some kids are bouncing out of school. And a bunch are, like, heading into the park to hang. #Vibes #CountryLife
引导性问题：What slang or informal words in this passage mean "person you love," "walking," and "very good/cool"?
5. 难度略高的拓展阅读 (Slightly Higher Difficulty)
The Dynamics of a Snapshot
A photograph freezes a moment, but language, especially the Present Continuous tense, can inject life back into it. The text doesn't just say "There is a boy in the water." It says "He is swimming across the river," implying movement, effort, and a goal (the other side). Similarly, "children are coming out" suggests a flow, a process of dispersal after hours of containment. The use of "some... some of them" adds a sense of randomness and individual choice within a group activity. This grammatical choice transforms a static list of elements into a miniature narrative, asking the viewer to imagine the seconds before and after the shutter clicked. It turns a mere description of a scene into a story about what is happening in that scene.
引导性问题：According to the author, how does using the Present Continuous tense change the way we understand a photograph?

🌍 第七部分：日常应用延伸

1. 提供本课语言点在日常生活中的应用场景
- 描述照片或视频：向朋友展示手机里的照片或短视频时，可以使用 This is a picture of..., Here, I'm V-ing..., He/She is V-ing...。
- 电话或即时通讯：当别人问“你在干嘛？”(What are you doing?)，你可以用 I'm V-ing... 如实回答，如 I'm cooking dinner., I'm waiting for the bus.
- 指路或说明位置：The post office is between the bank and the supermarket. The cafe is beside the bookstore, on the right.
- 询问他人动向：看到同事或家人准备出门，可以问 Where are you going?。看到他们专注某事，可以问 What are you doing?。

2. 建议简单拓展学习材料
- 歌曲：歌曲《Lemon Tree》的副歌部分 "I'm sitting here in the boring room..." 和 "I'm wasting my time..." 是现在进行时的典型例句，旋律简单易记。
- 绘本/漫画：选择画面富有动感的绘本或漫画（如《父与子》），尝试用现在进行时描述每一幅画面中人物正在做什么。
- 英语学习APP：使用像“多邻国”(Duolingo)或“每日英语听力”等APP，寻找有关“日常活动”或“描述图片”的练习模块。

3. 可附加英美生活小常识
- High Street vs. Mall：在英国，人们常说“going to the high street”购物，因为传统上各种店铺 (bookshop, butcher's, baker's) 都集中在镇上的主街 (High Street)。而在美国，人们更常说“going to the mall”(购物中心)。第36课中的各种店铺 (the baker's, the butcher's) 非常具有英国传统社区特色。
- Riverside Walks：在英国，沿河散步 (walking along the banks of the river) 是一种非常普遍且受喜爱的休闲方式。许多城市和乡村都有精心维护的河滨步道。

🗂️ 第八部分：本课知识图谱（结构化逻辑图）

核心对话主题：描述地点与询问正在进行的活动

├─ 主要句型1：描述静态场景与位置
│ ├─ 存在句：There is a boy (in the water).
│ ├─ 主系表结构（方位）：It/The village is (in a valley / between two hills / on a river / beside a park). The park is (on the right). We are (on the left).
│ └─ 介绍句：This/Here is (a photograph of our village / the school building).

├─ 主要句型2：描述动态活动（现在进行时）
│ ├─ 肯定陈述：主语 + am/is/are + V-ing + (状语).
│ │ └─ 人物 + be + 移动/活动 + 方位/方向：We are walking along the banks. / He is swimming across the river. / Children are coming out of the building (into the park).
│ └─ 特殊疑问：询问活动：What + am/is/are + 主语 + doing? → I am/He is/They are + V-ing. 询问去向：Where + am/is/are + 主语 + going? → (To) + 地点名词.

└─ 关键词汇网络
├─ 地点名词：village, valley, hill, river, bank, park, building, water, bookshop, cinema...
├─ 方位介词：in, on, between, beside, along, across, out of, into.
├─ 方位短语：on the left, on the right.
└─ 活动动词（V-ing）：walking, swimming, coming, going, reading, watching, eating...

© 本文为狂暴英语教案 · 新概念英语第一册第35-36课

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