#新概念英语第一册#第61课

#第62课#情态动词must

#What'sTheMatter#看病英语

#系动词#家庭对话

#一般现在时#基础语法

🎯 本课学习目标

词汇维度：

1. 掌握与疾病、身体部位及感觉相关的核心词汇，如 feel, look, must, call, doctor, telephone, remember, mouth, tongue, bad, cold, headache, aspirin 等。2. 理解并运用描述健康状况的形容词，如 ill, well, terrible。3. 学习动词 have 在表示“患病”时的用法。

语法维度：

1. 深入理解并运用情态动词 must 表示“必须”和“推测”的两种核心功能。2. 巩固 have 的用法，特别是 have + a + 疾病名词 的结构。3. 掌握由 What's the matter with...? 引导的、询问他人状况的特殊疑问句及其回答。4. 复习并巩固一般现在时（特别是第三人称单数）的疑问句和否定句形式。

技能（日常对话）维度：

1. 能够用英语描述自己或他人的不适症状。2. 能够模拟打电话叫医生的场景，使用恰当的礼貌用语和指令。3. 能够听懂并回应关于健康状况的询问。

文化维度：

1. 了解在英语文化中表达关切和提供帮助的常用方式。2. 初步接触西方就医前预约（打电话）的文化习惯。3. 认识常见非处方药（如阿司匹林）的英文名称。

📖 第一部分：课文完整内容

课文原文（含语音标注）

Lesson 61 A bad cold

Lesson 62 What's the matter with them? What must they do?

🔍 第二部分：逐句精讲与词块总结

💬 第三部分：基础会话技巧

1. 分析课文中的日常用语、礼貌表达、问答模式
- 关切询问： What's the matter with...? 是表达关切、询问问题的万能句型，比 What's wrong? 稍正式，适用于各种场合。
- 描述症状： 使用 feel + 形容词（ill, terrible, awful, dizzy）表达主观感受；使用 look + 形容词（ill, pale, tired）描述他人外观。
- 决策与建议： We must... 用于共同决策或表达强烈的个人义务感。在转述医嘱或给出强烈建议时，must 体现了权威性和必要性。
- 信息确认： Can you remember...? 是一种礼貌地询问对方是否掌握某信息的方式，比 Do you know...? 更具体，聚焦于“记忆”。
- 幽默与转折： 课文结尾通过 That's good news. 与常识（生病是坏事）形成反差，再用 because 揭示出人意料的原因（不喜欢上学），构成了一个简单的英式幽默。这种“意料之外，情理之中”的结尾是口语中制造轻松氛围的常见技巧。

2. 提供类似场景的扩展对话示例
场景： 同事之间
A: You don't look well, Sarah. What's the matter? (你看起来气色不好，莎拉。怎么了？)
B: I feel terrible. I have a splitting headache. (我感觉糟透了。我头痛欲裂。)
A: Oh dear. You must go home and rest. (天啊。你必须回家休息。)
B: I think you're right. Can you cover my meeting this afternoon? (我想你说得对。你能替我参加今天下午的会议吗？)
A: Of course. Don't worry about it. Feel better soon! (当然。别担心。祝你早日好起来！)
B: Thanks. I'll call the manager to let him know. (谢谢。我会打电话告诉经理。)

3. 设计简单的角色扮演活动建议
活动：“小小家庭医生”
-准备：制作一些简单的“症状卡”，上面写有 a headache, a toothache, a stomachache, a fever, a cough, a sore throat。
-角色：学生A扮演“病人”，学生B扮演“家人”，学生C扮演“医生”。
-流程：
1. “病人”抽一张症状卡，并表演出相应的不适。
2. “家人”发现异常，上前询问：What's the matter? You look...。
3. “病人”回答：I feel... I have a...。
4. “家人”决定：We must call the doctor. 并假装打电话。
5. “医生”接电话后前来（或通过电话问诊），询问：What's the matter with him/her?
6. “家人”转述症状。
7. “医生”诊断：He/She has a... He/She must... (stay in bed, take medicine, drink water, see a dentist等).
-目标： 熟练运用本课核心句型，并复习之前学过的身体部位和简单动词。

4. 融入基础思考：设计1-2个简单的代入式问题
① 如果你是威廉姆斯夫人，在丈夫问“What's the matter with him?”时，除了说“He feels ill.”，还可以怎么更具体地描述吉米的状态？ (例如：He has a fever. / He is coughing a lot. / He says his throat hurts.)
② 当医生说“He must stay in bed for a week.”时，如果你是吉米，你心里可能会想些什么？你觉得一周后他真的会完全康复吗？为什么？ (引导学生思考医嘱的合理性，以及孩子对生病和上学的真实心理。)

📐 第四部分：本课语法精析（加强版）

本课语法焦点高度集中于两个核心点：情态动词 must 的用法，以及 have 表示“患病”的用法。同时，What's the matter with...? 句型、系动词 feel/look 的用法以及一般现在时第三人称单数的否定式也得到巩固和运用。

1. 情态动词 must 的深度解析
must 是英语中最常用的情态动词之一，它不能单独作谓语，必须后接动词原形。其核心含义有两层：[NCE知识点笔记] [名师精讲] [语法新思维]
-表示“必须”、“务必”（Necessity or Obligation）：表达说话人主观认为强烈的必要性、义务或命令。这种“必须”通常源于内部责任、道德规范或紧迫情况。
-例句1 (主观决定):We must call the doctor. (我们必须叫医生。) ------ 基于孩子病了的紧急情况。
-例句2 (规定/规则):You must stop when the traffic light is red. (红灯时必须停车。)
-例句3 (强烈建议):You must see this film; it's fantastic! (你一定要看这部电影，太棒了！)
-否定形式 must not / mustn't:表示“禁止”、“不准”，语气强烈。
-例句:You mustn't play with fire. (严禁玩火。)
-疑问形式 Must I/we...?:询问是否“必须”做某事。
-例句:Must I finish all the homework tonight? (我必须今晚完成所有作业吗？)
-回答:肯定回答 Yes, you must.；否定回答 No, you needn't. 或 No, you don't have to. (注意：不能用 No, you mustn't.，因为 mustn't 是“禁止”)。
-表示“肯定”、“一定”（Logical Certainty）：用于肯定句，表示非常有把握的推测或推断，意为“一定”、“肯定”。通常指根据现有情况做出的逻辑判断。
-例句1 (对现状推测):He looks pale. He must be ill. (他脸色苍白。他一定是病了。)
-例句2 (对过去推测):The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. (地面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。) (注：must have done 是对过去的推测，第一册暂未涉及)
-注意：表示推测时，must 的否定形式不是 mustn't，而是 can't (不可能)。
-例句:He can't be at home; his lights are off. (他不可能在家；灯关着。)
本课中 must 的对比：
- We must call the doctor. ------ 属于第一种用法（必须），是夫妇基于关切做出的决定。
- He must stay in bed for a week. ------ 属于第一种用法（必须），是医生基于专业诊断给出的强制性医嘱。
-思考： 能否将医生的句子理解为推测？(不能。上下文是给出指令，不是推测他将会做什么。)

2. 动词 have 表示“患（病）”的用法
have 是一个功能极其强大的动词，本课重点学习其表示“患有（某种疾病）”的用法。[NCE知识点笔记] [名师精讲]
-结构：have + a/an + 疾病名称（可数名词单数）
- have a cold (感冒) have a bad cold (重感冒)
- have a headache (头痛) have a toothache (牙痛)
- have a fever (发烧) have a stomachache (胃痛)
-特点：这里的 have 是实义动词，拥有其完整的词形变化（has, had, having）。在疑问句和否定句中，需要借助助动词 do/does。
-肯定句:He has a cold. / I have a headache.
-一般疑问句:Does he have a cold? / Do you have a headache?
-否定句:He doesn't have a cold. / I don't have a headache.
-与 feel 的区别：have 侧重客观陈述“患有某种疾病”的事实；feel 侧重描述主观的“不舒服的感觉”。一个人可以 feel ill 但不一定 have 一个明确的病名；反之，一个人可能 have a slight cold 但 feel 还好。
-拓展： have 的其他常见搭配在本册已陆续出现，如 have a lesson (上课)， have breakfast (吃早餐)， have a bath (洗澡)， have a good time (过得愉快)。这些都需要作为固定短语来记忆。

3. 句型 What's the matter with...? 的详细拆解
这是一个非常实用的口语句型。[NCE知识点笔记]
-结构分析：What (主语) + is (系动词) + the matter (表语) + with + 宾语 (介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the matter)。
-功能：询问某人或某物“出了什么问题”、“有什么麻烦”、“哪里不舒服”。with 后面可以接人 (you, him, the child)，也可以接物 (the car, the computer)。
-同义句型：
- What's wrong with...? (更口语化)
- What's the problem with...?
- Is anything the matter with...?
-回答方式：直接说出问题所在。
- He has a cold.
- My car won't start.
- I feel dizzy.
-注意： 当 with 后面接人称代词时，必须用宾格 (me, him, her, us, them)。

4. 系动词 feel 与 look 的用法巩固
feel 和 look 作为系动词，后接形容词构成“主系表”结构，描述主语的状态或特征。[语法新思维]
- feel: 强调主语自身的主观感受（触觉、身体感觉、情绪感受）。
- I feel cold/hot/tired/happy/sick.
- look: 强调从外部观察得出的客观印象（视觉印象）。
- You look cold/tired/beautiful/pale.
- 其他常见系动词： sound (听起来)， smell (闻起来)， taste (尝起来)， become/get (变得)， seem (似乎)。
- 语法关键： 系动词后的成分叫“表语”，可以是形容词、名词、介词短语等。系动词和表语合起来说明主语。

5. 一般现在时第三人称单数否定式：doesn't + 动词原形
本课在 because he doesn't like school 中复习了这一重要语法点。[名师精讲]
- 规则： 当主语是第三人称单数 (he, she, it 或单个人名、物名) 时，在一般现在时的否定句中，使用助动词 does 的否定形式 does not (缩略 doesn't)，后面的主要动词用原形。
- 例句：
- He doesn't live here. (他不住这儿。)
- She doesn't speak Italian. (她不会说意大利语。)
- My cat doesn't like milk. (我的猫不喜欢牛奶。)
- 常见错误： 误写成 He doesn't likes... 或 He don't like...。务必牢记：doesn't 后面永远跟动词原形。

语法练习题（不少于10道）
1.用 must 或 mustn't 填空。
① You ______ cross the road when the light is red.
② It's late. I ______ go home now.
③ Students ______ talk loudly in the library.
④ You look pale. You ______ see a doctor.
⑤ She ______ finish her project by Friday; it's the deadline.
答案：① mustn't ② must ③ mustn't ④ must ⑤ must
2.将下列句子改为否定句。
① He has a headache.
② She feels very well.
③ Jimmy likes school.
④ The doctor knows my number.
答案：
① He doesn't have a headache.
② She doesn't feel very well.
③ Jimmy doesn't like school.
④ The doctor doesn't know my number.
3.用 What's the matter with...? 根据提示提问。
① (your sister) She looks sad.
② (the TV) It has no picture.
③ (you) I have a toothache.
答案：
① What's the matter with your sister?
② What's the matter with the TV?
③ What's the matter with you?
4.选择 feel 或 look 的正确形式填空。
① You ______ tired. Did you sleep well?
② I ______ cold. Can I close the window?
③ This soup ______ delicious.
④ That dress ______ beautiful on you.
答案：① look ② feel ③ tastes (smells) ④ looks
5.连词成句。
① must, bed, in, stay, he, week, a, for
② the, remember, you, can, number, telephone
③ matter, what's, him, with, the
答案：
① He must stay in bed for a week.
② Can you remember the telephone number?
③ What's the matter with him?
6.根据答句写出问句。
① Q: _________________________________?
A: Because I have a bad cold.
② Q: _________________________________?
A: He must take some medicine.
③ Q: _________________________________?
A: It's 123456.
答案：
① What's the matter with you? / Why are you in bed?
② What must he do?
③ What's your telephone number? / Can you tell me your number?
7.改正句中的错误。
① What's matter with you?
② He must to see a dentist.
③ She doesn't feels well.
④ We must calling the doctor.
答案：
① What's the matter with you?
② He must see a dentist.
③ She doesn't feel well.
④ We must call the doctor.
8.翻译句子。
① 我的电脑出问题了。
② 你记得医生的地址吗？
③ 她必须卧床休息两天。
④ 他觉得恶心，看起来脸色苍白。
答案：
① What's the matter with my computer? / There's something wrong with my computer.
② Can you remember the doctor's address?
③ She must stay in bed for two days.
④ He feels sick and looks pale.
9.将直接引语改为间接引语。
The doctor says, “You must stay in bed.”
→ The doctor says that ___________________________.
答案：I must stay in bed. (注意人称随语境可能变化)
10.情景选择：哪句话是表示“推测”？
A. You must be quiet in the hospital.
B. He's not here. He must be in the garden.
C. We must water the plants today.
答案： B

✏️ 第五部分：基础练习与活动

1. 跟读练习 (Shadowing)
- 步骤： 播放课文录音。第一遍，静听，注意语音语调。第二遍，按暂停键，逐句跟读，模仿录音中的发音、连读和语调。第三遍，不停顿，尝试与录音同步跟读。
- 重点句跟读：
- What's the matter with him? (注意 the 弱读，with him 连读)
- He feels ill. / He looks ill. (注意 feels 和 looks 的 /z/ 音，以及 ill 的短元音)
- We must call the doctor. (注意 must 的 /ʌ/ 音)
- He has a bad cold. (注意 has a 连读，bad cold 的不完全爆破)

2. 角色扮演 (Role-play)
- 情景1： 模仿课文，三人一组（父、母、医生）表演整个对话。
- 情景2： 改编对话。假设生病的是“奶奶”(grandma)，症状是“胃痛”(a stomachache)。医生建议“喝温水，吃清淡食物”(drink warm water and eat light food)。重新编排对话。
- 目标： 在表演中自然运用 What's the matter?, feel/look, must, have a... 等核心表达。

3. 简单替换练习 (Substitution Drill)
-练习1：替换“人物”
T: What's the matter with Jimmy?
S: What's the matter withyour sister?
(替换词：your brother, the cat, Mrs. Smith, that man)
-练习2：替换“疾病”
T: He has a bad cold.
S: He hasa headache.
(替换词：a toothache, a fever, a stomachache, an earache)
-练习3：替换“建议”
T: He must stay in bed.
S: He musttake an aspirin.
(替换词：see a dentist, drink more water, go to hospital, have a rest)

4. 听力理解题目
听一段新的短对话（可由教师朗读或播放自制音频），回答问题。
对话内容：
Tom: Hi, Lucy. You don't look very well.
Lucy: Hi, Tom. I feel awful. I have a terrible headache and a sore throat.
Tom: Oh no! You must go home and rest. Can you remember your doctor's number?
Lucy: Yes, it's 555-1234. But I think I just need some sleep.
Tom: Okay. Feel better soon!
问题：
① What's the matter with Lucy?
② How does she feel?
③ What does Tom say she must do?
④ What is Lucy's doctor's telephone number?
⑤ What does Lucy think she needs?
答案：
① She has a terrible headache and a sore throat.
② She feels awful.
③ She must go home and rest.
④ It's 555-1234.
⑤ Some sleep.

5. 课文改写版本（词汇更简单）
Dad:Where is Jimmy?
Mum:He is in his bed.
Dad:What's wrong with him?
Mum:He is sick.
Dad:He looks sick.
Mum:We need to call the doctor.
Dad:Yes.
Dad:Do you know the doctor's phone number?
Mum:Yes. It's 09754.
(Later)
Dad:Doctor, what's wrong with Jimmy?
Doctor:He has a very bad cold. So he needs to stay in bed for seven days.
Dad:Jimmy will like that!
Doctor:Why?
Dad: Because he doesn't like school!

🤔 第六部分：英文深度思考与拓展（强化版）

A. 层次化英文问题与答案
Level 1 (Factual): 事实性问题
1.Q:Where is Jimmy at the beginning of the conversation?
A:He is in bed.
2.Q:What do Mr. and Mrs. Williams decide to do when they see Jimmy is ill?
A:They decide they must call the doctor.
3.Q:What is the doctor's diagnosis for Jimmy?
A:The doctor says Jimmy has a bad cold.
4.Q:What does the doctor say Jimmy must do?
A:The doctor says Jimmy must stay in bed for a week.
Level 2 (Inferential): 推理性问题
1.Q:Why does Mr. Williams say “He looks ill” after Mrs. Williams says “He feels ill”?
A:He probably observes Jimmy's appearance (like being pale, sweating, or having tired eyes) which confirms the feeling of illness. It shows he is checking the situation himself.
2.Q:Why does Mr. Williams think the doctor's news is “good news for Jimmy”?
A:Because he knows that Jimmy dislikes going to school. Staying in bed for a week means no school, which from Jimmy's perspective might be enjoyable.
3.Q:What can we infer about Jimmy's attitude towards school from the last line?
A:We can infer that Jimmy does not enjoy school very much. He might find it boring, difficult, or unpleasant.
4.Q:How would you describe the relationship between Mr. Williams and the doctor based on their brief exchange?
A:It seems polite and formal. Mr. Williams addresses him as “doctor”, and the doctor calls him “Mr. Williams”. It suggests a respectful patient-doctor relationship.
Level 3 (Evaluative/Creative): 评价/创造性问题
1.Q:Do you think it is responsible for Mr. Williams to find “good news” in his son's illness? Why or why not?
A:(Sample) On one hand, it's not responsible because a parent should prioritize a child's health over skipping school. On the other hand, it might just be a light-hearted joke to ease the tension, showing he understands his son's feelings while still taking care of him.
2.Q:If you were Jimmy's friend and knew he was faking a cold to avoid a test, what would you say to him using the language from this lesson?
A:(Sample) “Jimmy, what's the matter with you? You don't look ill. You must go to school and take the test. It's important.”
3.Q:Besides calling the doctor, what are some other things Mr. and Mrs. Williams “must” do or “must not” do to take good care of Jimmy?
A:(Sample) They must make sure he drinks plenty of water. They must give him his medicine on time. They must not let him play outside. They must check his temperature regularly.
4.Q:Imagine you are the doctor. How would you explain to Jimmy (not just his father) why he “must” stay in bed, in a way a child would understand?
A: (Sample) “Jimmy, your body is fighting some germs. Staying in bed is like letting your army of soldiers rest and get strong inside you. If you run around, your soldiers get tired and the germs win. So you must stay here and help your soldiers win the battle.”

B. 多类型拓展阅读
1. 现代场景故事 (Modern Scenario Story)
Lily stared at her buzzing phone. It was her third video call from her mom today. “Lily, you look exhausted on the screen!” her mom said, worried. “What's the matter? Are you working too hard?” Lily sighed. “I feel okay, Mom, just a bit of a headache from staring at the computer.” “You must remember to take breaks!” her mom insisted. “Every hour, get up and look out the window. And drink water!” Lily smiled. “Yes, I remember. I'll set a reminder.” Sometimes, even with modern technology, the best advice is still the oldest: rest your eyes and drink water.
Question: How is Lily's problem similar to and different from Jimmy's?

2. 文化背景小知识 (Cultural Background)
In many Western countries, especially in places like the UK and the US, you usually need to make an appointment to see a doctor. You call the clinic or hospital, just like Mr. Williams did. For non-emergencies, you might have to wait days or even weeks. That's why there is something called “General Practitioner (GP)”, your local doctor who knows your basic health history. For a sudden bad cold or high fever, you might visit a “walk-in clinic” without an appointment, but you often wait for hours. In a real emergency, you call 999 (UK) or 911 (US) for an ambulance. So, “calling the doctor” is the first step, not always getting immediate help.
Question: Why is it important to know your doctor's telephone number?

3. 今昔对比 (Then and Now Contrast)
Thirty years ago, when a child like Jimmy had a bad cold, the family doctor might actually visit the house! This was called a “house call”. The doctor would come with a black bag, check the patient in their own bed, and give advice. Today, house calls are very rare. Most people go to the doctor's office or clinic. Also, communication is different. Mr. Williams had torememberthe phone number. Today, we have it saved in our mobile phones. We might even send a text message or email to the clinic. However, the advice “stay in bed and rest” hasn't changed much over time!
Question: What are two main differences between seeing a doctor in the past and now?

4. 新潮英语改写 (Trendy English Rewrite)
Yo, Dad texts Mom: “Where's J?”
Mom texts back: “In his room. Chillin' in bed.”
Dad: “What's up with him? 🤒”
Mom: “Says he feels like crap.”
Dad: “OMG, he looks rough on the cam. We gotta call Doc. Lee.”
Mom: “Totally. U got his digits?”
Dad: “Nah, u?”
Mom: “Yep, 555-HELP.”
(Later, on a video call)
Dad: “Doc, what's the deal with J?”
Doc Lee: “Major cold. He needs to Netflix and chill for a solid week, no school.”
Dad: “LOL! J's gonna love that. #SilverLining”
Doc Lee: “???”
Dad: “Cuz school's his nemesis! 😂”
Question: How does using texts and emojis change the feeling of the story?

5. 难度略高的拓展阅读 (Slightly Higher Difficulty)
The common cold, while often called “just a cold”, can indeed be quite debilitating, warranting the description “a bad cold”. It is caused by viruses, not bacteria, which is why antibiotics are ineffective. Symptoms like a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and mild fever are the body's immune response. The doctor's advice for Jimmy to “stay in bed for a week” is rooted in solid medical reasoning. Rest allows the body to divert energy to the immune system. Furthermore, staying home prevents spreading the virus to classmates, a concept known as “social responsibility”. While Jimmy might see it as a holiday, proper rest accelerates recovery and protects others. Hydration and over-the-counter medicine like aspirin (for adults) or paracetamol can alleviate symptoms, but there is no “cure”; time and rest are the best medicines.
Question: According to the text, what are two reasons why resting at home is important when you have a bad cold?

🌍 第七部分：日常应用延伸

1. 本课语言点在日常生活中的应用场景
- 关心他人： 看到朋友、家人或同事表现出不适时，可以自然地使用本课句型表达关切。例如，在办公室看到同事不停咳嗽，可以问：“What's the matter? You don't look well.”（怎么了？你看起来不太舒服。）或者更直接地说：“You look pale. Do you feel ill?”（你脸色苍白。感觉不舒服吗？）这种表达比简单问“Are you okay?”更具体，更能体现关心。
- 描述自身状况： 当你自己感到不适，需要向老师、上司请假或向朋友解释时，可以运用 feel 和 have 结构。例如，给老师发邮件：“Dear Mr. Smith, I feel terrible and have a bad headache, so I must stay at home today.”（亲爱的史密斯老师，我感觉很难受，头痛得厉害，所以今天必须待在家里。）或者告诉朋友：“I can't go to the movie. I have a cold.”（我不能去看电影了，我感冒了。）
- 提出必要建议或行动： 在紧急或重要情况下，使用 must 来表达强烈的必要性。例如，看到有人受伤，可以说：“We must call an ambulance!”（我们必须叫救护车！）或者提醒家人：“You have a high fever; you must see a doctor now.”（你发高烧了，必须立刻去看医生。）在非正式场合，也可以用于强调个人建议，如：“You must try this new restaurant; the food is amazing!”（你一定要试试这家新餐厅，食物太棒了！）
- 信息确认与求助： 需要他人提供或确认关键信息时，可以使用 Can you remember...? 的句型，显得礼貌且聚焦。例如，在机场找不到登机口时问同伴：“Can you remember the gate number?”（你还记得登机口号码吗？）或者请同事帮忙：“Can you remember how to fix this printer?”（你还记得怎么修这台打印机吗？）

2. 建议简单拓展学习材料
- 听力与口语： 强烈推荐使用《会说话的新概念英语单词.pdf》的配套MP3。针对本课的 feel, ill, cold, headache, doctor 等词汇，听外教朗读的地道对话，并进行模仿。可以尝试跟读并录制自己的声音进行对比，这是提升语感和发音的绝佳方式。
- 语法巩固： 完成《新概念英语同步语法强化 第1册.pdf》中与情态动词 must 和 have 用法相关的单元练习。同时，可以翻阅《手绘版新概念语法笔记.pdf》中关于“情态动词”和“动词”的章节，通过图表和口诀加深理解，形成系统的语法网络。
- 阅读与写作： 阅读《新概念英语美文欣赏 第1册.pdf》中与健康、关怀主题相关的短文，积累不同的表达方式。尝试模仿《新概念英语写作全攻略 (王惠宁编著).pdf》中的句型，用本课所学写一篇简短的日记，记录一次自己或家人生病的经历，描述症状、感受以及采取的措施。
- 词汇扩展： 利用《新概念英语全单词表(带音标)完整版.doc》或《新概念英语pro 第1册.pdf》的词根目录，拓展与疾病相关的词汇。例如，学习 toothache (牙痛), stomachache (胃痛), fever (发烧), cough (咳嗽), sore throat (喉咙痛) 等，并尝试用 have a... 结构造句。

3. 可附加英美生活小常识
- 就医习惯： 在英美国家，除非是紧急情况（拨打999或911），否则看医生通常需要提前预约（make an appointment）。像课文中的“重感冒”，一般会预约社区医生（GP, General Practitioner）。药剂师（Pharmacist）也能就轻微症状提供非处方药建议。
- “生病”的不同表达： 在美式英语中，表示“生病”更常用 sick 作表语，如 I feel sick. 或 He looks sick.。而 ill 在英式英语中更常见，且听起来稍正式一些。Under the weather 是一个常用的俚语，表示“感觉有点不舒服，微恙”。
- 非处方药： 课文中提到的 aspirin（阿司匹林）是一种常见的非处方止痛药。在药店，你还会看到 paracetamol（扑热息痛，英）或 acetaminophen（对乙酰氨基酚，美）用于退烧止痛，ibuprofen（布洛芬）用于消炎止痛。购买时需说明症状，并遵守剂量说明。
- 表达关心与祝福： 当得知他人生病时，常用的关心语有：“I'm sorry to hear that.”（听到这个消息我很难过。）“Get well soon!”（早日康复！）“I hope you feel better soon.”（希望你很快好起来。）在比较亲近的人之间，也可以说“Take care of yourself.”（照顾好自己。）

🗂️ 第八部分：本课知识图谱（结构化逻辑图）

本课核心围绕 “发现健康问题、表达关切、寻求专业帮助及理解后续建议” 这一现实生活流程展开。所有语言点均服务于这一主题链条。

- 核心对话主题：家庭健康关切与就医
-主要情境1：发现与初步判断
-关键句型1：询问状况
- What's the matter with + [某人]?
-功能词汇：matter, with
-关键句型2：描述主观感受与客观外观
- [某人] + feels + [形容词 (如 ill, terrible)].
- [某人] + looks + [形容词 (如 ill, pale)].
-功能词汇：feel (系动词), look (系动词), ill
-主要情境2：决策与行动
-关键句型3：表达强烈必要性（决定）
- [我们/你] + must + [动词原形] + [目标].
-例句：We must call the doctor.
-功能词汇：must (情态动词), call, doctor
-关键句型4：确认关键信息
- Can you remember + [信息]?
-功能词汇：remember, telephone number
-主要情境3：获得诊断与医嘱
-关键句型5：陈述疾病事实
- [某人] + has + a/an + [疾病名词].
-例句：He has a bad cold.
-功能词汇：has (have的第三人称单数), bad, cold, headache, toothache等疾病名词
-关键句型6：表达强烈必要性（建议/医嘱）
- [某人] + must + [动词原形] + [其他].
-例句：He must stay in bed for a week.
-功能词汇：must, stay, bed, week, for (表示一段时间)
-主题延伸：幽默与因果解释
-关键句型7：陈述个人好恶（提供原因）
- [某人] + doesn't like + [某物/活动].
-例句：He doesn't like school.
-功能词汇：doesn't (助动词否定式), like, school
-逻辑连接：
- Because... (连接原因)

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