高中英语阅读课件001 How to Tell If You Have Burnout

高中英语阅读课件001How to Tell If You Have Burnout

1Scientifically, to be burned out is to be exhausted, cynical and hostile toward one's work, and down on one's job performance. The World Health Organization similarly defines burnout as a syndrome "resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed." Burnout generates exhaustion, cynicism toward one's job, and reduced "professional efficacy."

2 Six elements of work cause burnout. The first is pure workload—having way too much to do. One reason people feel burned out right now is that they have been working longer hours. In addition to an overstretching of staff and resources, burnout "could also include a cutthroat, bottom-line, results-oriented culture," Mandy O'Neill, a management professor at George Mason University, said.

3 The second factor is how much control or autonomy someone has over their work. As the Stanford organizational-behavior professor Jeffrey Pfeffer writes in his book Dying for a Paycheck, "If through their actions people cannot predictably and significantly affect what happens to them, they are going to stop trying. Why make effort when the results of that effort are uncontrollable, leaving the effort fruitless?"

4The third factor is a lack of recognition or reward for your work. One Philadelphia high-school teacher said that her burnout was like being on "a hamster wheel. You're kind of, like, doing a lot and trying really hard, but is it really changing anything?"

5The fourth factor has to do with whether your workplace is like a community. You can probably guess which one leads to burnout. The fifth relates to whether policies and practices are administered fairly. Does the boss play favorites? Finally, work that doesn't create meaning or value for workers can lead to burnout. It's one thing to spend 60 hours a week working to free an innocent person from prison; it's quite another to spend them trying to collect someone's medical debt.

6 One line of research suggests that burnout is actually depression. In several studies on schoolteachers, the majority of teachers who had burnout symptoms also had symptoms of moderate or severe depression. Other studies have found that "burnout and depressive symptoms seem to cluster together and develop in parallel." This suggests that burnout can be understood as a collection of "work-related depressive symptoms."

核心词汇：

详细解释

Sentence 1

Scientifically, to be burned out is to be exhausted, cynical and hostile toward one's work, and down on one's job performance.

从科学角度来说，所谓职业倦怠（burnout），是指一个人在工作中感到身心俱疲（exhausted），对工作产生愤世嫉俗（cynical）甚至敌对（hostile）的态度，同时对自己的工作表现逐渐失去信心。

1. burn out词性vi.意思① 烧尽② 耗尽③ 精疲力竭④ 职业倦怠

例句Many doctors have burned out after years of overwork.

许多医生由于多年过度工作而产生了职业倦怠。

2. exhaustedadj.精疲力尽的同义词：tired，worn out，drained，fatigued

例句After working for twelve hours, she felt completely exhausted.

连续工作十二个小时后，她感到筋疲力尽。

3. cynicaladj.愤世嫉俗的/消极悲观的

例句He became cynical about his job.他对工作变得越来越消极。

4. hostileadj.敌对的，怀有敌意的

词块：

be hostile to 对……怀有敌意

be hostile toward 对……敌对

5. be down on对……失去信心，不满意，厌倦

例句He is down on his performance this year.

他对自己今年的表现很失望。

Sentence 2

The World Health Organization similarly defines burnout as a syndrome "resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed."

世界卫生组织（WHO）同样将职业倦怠定义为一种由长期工作压力引起、且这种压力没有得到有效管理所导致的综合征。

1.definevt.定义define A as B把A定义为B

例句The report defines success as continuous improvement.

该报告把成功定义为持续进步。

2.syndromen.综合征，症候群

例如：Down syndrome唐氏综合征

3.chronicadj.慢性的，长期存在的

acute急性的，chronic慢性的

4.workplacen.工作场所，职场

workplace culture职场文化，workplace stress职场压力

5.result from由……引起，由……造成

同义：be caused by，stem from，arise from

Sentence 3

Burnout generates exhaustion, cynicism toward one's job, and reduced professional efficacy.

职业倦怠会导致身体和精神上的疲惫、对工作的消极冷漠，以及职业效能感的下降。

1. generatevt.① 产生② 导致③ 引起

近义词：produce，create，cause，lead to，result in

例句Regular exercise generates positive energy.规律锻炼能够产生积极的能量。

2.exhaustionn.疲惫，筋疲力尽exhaust（v.）exhausted（adj.）exhaustion（n.）

physical exhaustion身体疲劳，mental exhaustion，精神疲劳，emotional exhaustion

情绪耗竭

3. cynicismn.愤世嫉俗，冷漠，悲观形容词：cynical

4. professionaladj.职业的，专业的profession职业，professionalism职业精神

5. efficacyn.效能，效率，效果

professional efficacy职业效能感，self-efficacy自我效能感（高考心理类文章高频词）

第一段首先介绍了职业倦怠（burnout）的科学定义，并指出它主要表现为三种典型症状

Sentence 4

Six elements of work cause burnout.工作中的六个因素会导致职业倦怠。

1，elementn.，因素，要素，组成部分

key element关键因素，basic element基本要素，essential element核心因素

2.causevt.导致，造成

同义：lead to，bring about，generate，produce，result in

Sentence 5

The first is pure workload—having way too much to do.

第一个因素是工作量过大，也就是说，需要完成的事情远远超过个人能够承受的范围。

1.pureadj.纯粹的，完全的

pure workload=单纯就是工作太多

2.workloadn.工作量，学习量

heavy workload繁重工作，reduce workload，减少工作量，increase workload

增加工作量

3.way too远远……，十分……比：too语气更强。

例如：way too expensive太贵了，way too difficult太难了，way too much多得离谱例句

Some students put way too much pressure on themselves.一些学生给自己施加了太大的压力。

Sentence 6

One reason people feel burned out right now is that they have been working longer hours.

如今，人们感到职业倦怠的一个原因是，他们的工作时间越来越长

Sentence 7

In addition to an overstretching of staff and resources, burnout "could also include a cutthroat, bottom-line, results-oriented culture," Mandy O'Neill, a management professor at George Mason University, said.

乔治·梅森大学管理学教授曼迪·奥尼尔表示，除了员工和资源被过度消耗之外，职业倦怠还可能来自一种残酷竞争、唯利润、唯结果导向的工作文化。

1. in addition to除……之外，另外同义：besides，apart from，as well as

例如：In addition to English, she speaks French.除了英语，她还会法语。

2. overstretchvt.过度使用，过度消耗

stretch拉伸，overstretch过度拉伸这里引申为：资源严重不足，员工超负荷工作

3.cutthroatadj.竞争残酷的，恶性竞争的

例如：The market is highly cutthroat.市场竞争十分残酷。

4.bottom-lineadj.唯利润的，只看最终收益的

5.results-orientedadj.结果导向的，只关注结果不关注过程。

高考写作可以积累：student-centered以学生为中心，problem-oriented问题导向，

goal-oriented目标导向，results-oriented结果导向

第二段总结

The author introduces the first cause of burnout: excessive workload, including longer working hours, overstretched staff and resources, and a highly competitive workplace culture.

作者介绍了导致职业倦怠的第一个主要原因——工作负荷过重。这种负荷不仅体现在工作时间越来越长、人员和资源不足，还包括一种竞争激烈、唯结果和唯利润导向的工作文化。

Sentence 8

The second factor is how much control or autonomy someone has over their work.

第二个因素是，一个人在工作中拥有多少控制权或自主权。

1. factorn.因素，原因，要素

key factor关键因素，contributing factor促成因素，risk factor危险因素

例句Sleep is an important factor in good health.

睡眠是保持健康的重要因素。

2. autonomy/ɔːˈtɒnəmi/n.自主权，自治权，独立决定权

在心理学中，autonomy代表：自己决定自己行为的能力。

高考阅读常见搭配greater autonomy更多自主权，personal autonomy个人自主权，

have autonomy over对……拥有自主权

例句Teachers should give students more autonomy.老师应该给予学生更多自主权。

Sentence 9

As the Stanford organizational-behavior professor Jeffrey Pfeffer writes in his book Dying for a Paycheck, "If through their actions people cannot predictably and significantly affect what happens to them, they are going to stop trying."

正如斯坦福大学组织行为学教授杰弗里·费弗在他的著作《为薪水而死》中所写：

"如果人们无法通过自己的行动持续且明显地影响发生在自己身上的事情，他们最终就会停止努力。

1.organizational behavior组织行为学（商学院高频专业词）

2.affectvt.影响，改变

affect the result影响结果，affect performance影响表现

例句Stress affects our health.压力影响我们的健康。

3.predictablyadv.可以预见地，能够预测地

来自：predict预测，predictable可预测的，predictably可以预测地

4.significantlyadv.显著地，明显地高考写作高频副词：greatly，remarkably，considerably，

Significantly

Sentence 10

Why make effort when the results of that effort are uncontrollable, leaving the effort fruitless?

如果努力的结果根本无法控制，而且最终只会使努力变成徒劳，那么为什么还要付出努力呢？

1. effort/ˈefət/n.努力，付出

make an effort努力，make every effort尽一切努力，without effort毫不费力，spare no effort

不遗余力。高考例句：Students should make every effort to achieve their dreams.

学生应该竭尽全力实现梦想。

2. uncontrollable/ˌʌnkənˈtrəʊləbl/无法控制的，不可掌控的

Control，controllable，uncontrollable

例如：The fire became uncontrollable.火势变得无法控制。

3. fruitless/ˈfruːtləs/徒劳的，没有成果的，白费的

同义词useless，meaningless，in vain

fruitless effort徒劳的努力，fruitless attempt失败的尝试，fruitless discussion毫无结果的讨论

例句All their efforts proved fruitless.他们所有的努力最终都白费了。

leave...fruitless

使……变成徒劳leaving等于 结果导致……

第三段总结

The second cause of burnout is the lack of control over one's work. When people believe that their efforts cannot change the outcome, they gradually lose the motivation to keep trying.

导致职业倦怠的第二个原因是缺乏工作自主权。如果人们认为自己的努力无法影响结果，就会逐渐失去继续努力的动力。

Sentence 11

The third factor is a lack of recognition or reward for your work.

第三个因素是，你的工作缺乏认可或奖励。

这里的reward不仅指金钱奖励，也包括：晋升机会 ，表扬 ，尊重 感谢 ，成就感 

1. lack/læk/① n.缺乏② vt.缺少

lack of...缺乏……l，ack confidence缺乏信心，lack experience缺乏经验

高考例句Many students lack confidence in public speaking.许多学生缺乏公开演讲的信心。

2. recognition/ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/认可，承认，赞赏

来自：recognize，recognition

gain recognition获得认可，receive recognition得到认可，public recognition公众认可，

social recognition社会认可

例句Hard work deserves recognition.努力应该得到认可。

3. reward/rɪˈwɔːd/奖励，回报，报酬

receive a reward获得奖励，offer a reward提供奖励，reward somebody for...因……奖励某人

高考例句Success is often the reward for hard work.成功往往是努力的回报。

Sentence 12

One Philadelphia high-school teacher said that her burnout was like being on "a hamster wheel."

费城的一位高中老师说，她的职业倦怠就像一直待在"仓鼠滚轮"上一样。

这是全文最经典的比喻（metaphor）。hamster wheel仓鼠滚轮英语里是固定比喻：

表示：忙个不停，却没有真正进步。

英文例句

Many office workers feel trapped on a hamster wheel.

很多上班族觉得自己像困在仓鼠滚轮上一样。

Sentence 13

"You're kind of, like, doing a lot and trying really hard, but is it really changing anything?"

"你一直做很多事情，也真的非常努力，但是这一切真的改变了什么吗？"

第四段总结

The third cause of burnout is the lack of recognition and reward. Without appreciation, people may feel that all their hard work is meaningless, just like running endlessly on a hamster wheel.

职业倦怠的第三个原因是缺乏认可与回报。当一个人的努力长期得不到欣赏和肯定时，就容易产生一种"仓鼠滚轮"式的无力感——一直努力，却始终看不到成果。

Sentence 14

The fourth factor has to do with whether your workplace is like a community.

第四个因素与工作场所是否像一个真正的社区（团体）有关。

这里的community并不是"社区"，而是：一个彼此支持、互相信任、互相帮助的团队。

1. have to do with高考固定短语与……有关，涉及……

同义表达be related to，be connected with，be associated with，concern

例句Success has a lot to do with persistence.成功与坚持密切相关。

2. workplace工作场所，职场

workplace relationship职场关系，workplace environment工作环境

3. community/kəˈmjuːnəti/本文意思是共同体，团队，归属感，大家庭

高考阅读里常见意思：① 社区② 群体

③ 团体④ 共同体本文属于：团队共同体。

例句Our school is like a warm community.我们的学校就像一个温暖的大家庭。

Sentence 15

You can probably guess which one leads to burnout.

你大概已经能够猜到，到底是哪一种情况更容易导致职业倦怠。

Sentence 16

The fifth relates to whether policies and practices are administered fairly.

第五个因素与制度和管理是否公平有关。

1.policy政策，制度

例如：school policy校园制度，government policy政府政策，company policy公司制度

2.practice本文不是：练习。而是：管理方式，做法，惯例

常见搭配common practice惯例，business practice经营方式，teaching practice教学实践

3.administer/ədˈmɪnɪstə(r)/管理，执行，实施

例如：administer a school管理学校，administer a program执行计划

Sentence 17

Does the boss play favorites?

老板是否偏袒某些员工？

1.play favorites偏心，偏袒，厚此薄彼

例如：Teachers shouldn't play favorites.老师不应该偏心。

Sentence 18

Finally, work that doesn't create meaning or value for workers can lead to burnout.

最后，那些无法给员工带来意义和价值感的工作，也会导致职业倦怠。

Sentence 19

It's one thing to spend 60 hours a week working to free an innocent person from prison; it's quite another to spend them trying to collect someone's medical debt.

每周花60个小时帮助一位无辜的人重获自由是一回事；而把同样的60个小时花在向别人追讨医疗债务上，则完全是另一回事。

1.innocent/ˈɪnəsnt/无辜的，清白的，天真的

例句The police finally proved he was innocent.警方最终证明了他的清白。

2.debt债务，欠款

pay off debts还清债务，medical debt医疗债务

第五段总结

The last three causes of burnout are a lack of community, unfair treatment, and work without meaning. A supportive environment, fairness, and a sense of purpose are essential to maintaining enthusiasm for work.

职业倦怠的最后三个原因分别是：缺乏团队归属感、制度不公平以及工作缺乏意义。一个充满支持的团队、公平的管理制度以及有价值、有意义的工作，都是保持工作热情的重要条件。