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听练讲义 - 五金店购买工具【挑战 30 天听说全升级 - 第 1 期 Day 2】

  • 2026-04-11 06:11:25
听练讲义 - 五金店购买工具【挑战 30 天听说全升级 - 第 1 期 Day 2】

🎧 语料概览 (Context)

  • 难度分级:
     ⭐⭐⭐(包含较多五金工具专业名词,但句式结构生活化)
  • 背景简介:
     留学生 Casey 刚搬进新公寓,面临漏水和挂画等维修难题。导师 Mark 正在教她在五金店(Hardware Store)如何用英语精准描述工具并寻求店员帮助。这是海外生活必备的生存技能!

📝 听力挑战 (Listening Challenge)

请在听第一遍时,尝试捕捉以下句子中缺失的关键信息(答案见文末):

  1. In many English-speaking countries, DIY—or 'Do It Yourself'—is a __________________ the culture.
  2. Specifically, for plumbing, you might need an ____________.
  3. Nails can pull out easily, but a screw with a plastic anchor ____________.
  4. It was named after Henry Phillips, the businessman who ______ the ______!
  5. But for hanging pictures, a manual screwdriver is usually ______ '____________'.

🔍 视听深度解析 (Visualized Script & Analysis)

Mark: Hello Casey! It'sgreat to see‿you todaySince you've justmoved‿into your newapartment, I thought we could tackle a verypracticaltopicnavigating a hardwarestore. In manyEnglish-speakingcountriesDIY—or 'DoItYourself'—is a hugepart‿of the cultureHave‿you everbeen to a bighardwarestore like HomeDepot or B&Q? 你好 Casey!很高兴今天见到你。既然你刚搬进新公寓,我想我们可以解决一个非常实用的话题:逛五金店。在许多英语国家,DIY(自己动手做)是文化的重要组成部分。你去过像 Home Depot 或 B&Q 这样的大型五金店吗?

💊 知识点胶囊

  • Tackle a topic:
     解决/处理一个话题。Tackle 原意是橄榄球中的“擒抱”,这里指着手处理难题。
  • Home Depot / B&Q:
     欧美最著名的连锁家居建材超市。

Casey: Hi Mark! Honestly, I'm a bitintimidatedBackhome, I usuallyjustcalled a professional if somethingbroke. But now I have a leakyfaucet and some pictures to hang, and I realized I don'tevenknow the names‿of the tools I need in English! 嗨 Mark!老实说,我有点被吓到了。在老家,如果东西坏了,我通常直接叫专业人员。但现在我有一个漏水的水龙头和一些画要挂,我才意识到我甚至不知道我需要的工具用英语叫什么!

💊 知识点胶囊

  • Intimidated
     /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪd/ (adj.): 感到胆怯的,发怵的。常用于面对庞大、复杂的场面。
  • Leaky faucet:
     漏水的水龙头。Leak (v/n) 泄漏。

Mark:Don'tworry‿at‿allThat'sexactlywhy we're hereLet'sstart with the basicsWhen you walk‿into a store, a staffmembermightask, 'Can I help‿you findsomething?' or 'Are you working‿on a specificproject?' Howwould you respond if you're looking for something to fix that leak? 完全别担心!这就是我们要讲的内容。让我们从基础开始。当你走进商店时,工作人员可能会问:“我可以帮你找什么吗?”或者“你在做一个特定的项目吗?”如果你要找修补漏洞的东西,你会怎么回答?

Casey: I'd probablysay, 'I'm lookingfor... the thing to turn the metalpipes?' I don'tknow the word for the tool! 我可能会说,“我在找……那个用来转动金属管子的东西?”我不知道那个工具叫什么!

Mark: Haha, 'thething' is a goodstart, but the word you're lookingfor is a 'wrench.' Specifically, for plumbing, you mightneed an 'adjustablewrench.' Can you saythat? And remember, the 'w' is silent, so it'spronounced /rentʃ/. 哈哈,“那个东西”是个好的开始,但你要找的词是“wrench”(扳手)。具体来说,对于管道工程,你可能需要一把“adjustable wrench”(活动扳手)。你能试着说一下吗?记住,“w”是不发音的,所以读作 /rentʃ/。

💊 知识点胶囊

  • Adjustable wrench:
     活动扳手。Adjustable 意为“可调节的”。
  • Plumbing
     /ˈplʌmɪŋ/: 管道系统,水暖工程。注意这里的 'b' 也是不发音的。

Casey: An adjustablewrenchGotitIsthat the same as 'pliers'? I've heardthatwordbeforetoo. 活动扳手。明白了!那和“pliers”(钳子)是一样的吗?我以前也听过这个词。

Mark:GreatquestionTheylooksimilar, but they'redifferentPliers are for gripping and pullingthingswhile a wrench is specificallydesigned to turnnuts and bolts. If you're tightening a bolt on your faucet, a wrench is your bestfriendNowwhat‿about thosepictures you wanted to hang? 问得好!它们看起来很像,但不一样。钳子是用来夹住和拉动东西的,而扳手是专门设计用来转动螺母和螺栓的。如果你要拧紧水龙头上的螺栓,扳手是你最好的帮手。现在,说说你想挂的那些画吧?

💊 知识点胶囊

  • Nuts and bolts:
     螺母和螺栓。这个短语在口语中也常比喻“具体细节”或“基本要素”(Let's get down to the nuts and bolts)。

Casey: I think I need a hammer and some... tinymetalsticks? Oh, waitare they called 'nails'? 我想我需要一把锤子和一些……细小的金属棍?哦,等等,它们叫“nails”(钉子)吗?

Mark:PerfectYesthose are 'nails.' And the tool is a 'hammer.' However, if your walls are made‿of drywall or plaster, you mightneed 'screws' and 'anchorsinstead‿of justnailsNails can pullouteasily, but a screw with a plasticanchorstaysputDo you know the differencebetween a nail and a screw? 完美!是的,那些是“钉子”。那个工具是“锤子”。但是,如果你的墙是干壁(石膏板)或灰泥做的,你可能需要“screws”(螺丝)和“anchors”(锚栓/膨胀螺丝),而不仅仅是钉子。钉子很容易拔出来,但配有塑料锚栓的螺丝会固定得很牢。你知道钉子和螺丝的区别吗?

💊 知识点胶囊

  • Drywall:
     干壁/石膏板。北美房屋内墙最常见的材料。
  • Stay put:
     留在原地不动,固定不动。

Casey: I know a screw has thosespirallines‿on itright? But what do I use to put a screwinIsit a 'screw-tool'? 我知道螺丝上面有那些螺旋纹,对吧?但是我用什么把螺丝拧进去呢?是叫“螺丝工具”吗?

Mark:CloseIt'scalled a 'screwdriver.' There are twomaintypes you'll find in everytoolbox: a 'flathead' (which has a singleflatblade) and a 'Phillipshead' (which lookslike a cross or a plussign). Mostmodernfurniture and appliancesusePhillipsheadscrews. 很接近了!它叫“screwdriver”(螺丝刀)。每个工具箱里主要有两种类型:“flathead”(一字螺丝刀,有一个扁平的刀头)和“Phillips head”(十字螺丝刀,看起来像个十字或加号)。大多数现代家具和电器都使用十字螺丝。

Casey:Phillipshead... that's a funnynameWhy is itcalledthat? Phillips head……这个名字真有趣!为什么叫这个名字?

Mark:It was namedafterHenryPhillips, the businessman who popularized the designIt's a verycommonterm. If you go to the store, you mightask, 'Where can I find a Phillipsheadscrewdriver?' Nowlet'stalk‿about measurements. You'll need to knowwhere to hang those picturesright? 它是以推广这种设计的商人 Henry Phillips 命名的!这是一个非常通用的术语。如果你去商店,你可能会问:“在哪里可以找到十字螺丝刀?”现在,我们来谈谈测量。你需要知道把画挂在哪里,对吧?

Casey:Yes, I need to measure the distance. I need a 'measuringtape'? 是的,我需要测量距离。我需要一个“measuring tape”?

Mark:Almost! We usuallycallit a 'tapemeasure.' And if you want to makesure the pictureisn'tcrooked, you'll need a 'level.' A level is a tool with a littlebubble in a tube‿of liquidWhen the bubble is in the middle, your picture is perfectlystraight. 差不多!我们通常叫它“tape measure”(卷尺)。如果你想确保画没有挂歪,你需要一个“level”(水平仪)。水平仪是一种在液体管里有个小气泡的工具。当气泡在中间时,你的画就是完全直的。

💊 知识点胶囊

  • Tape measure
     vs Measuring tape: 两个都可以,但 Tape measure 更常作名词指那个工具。
  • Crooked
     /ˈkrʊkɪd/: 歪的,弯曲的。注意 -ed 发音。

Casey: A levelThatsoundsuseful. I'm alsoworried‿about the leakWhat‿if the wrenchisn'tenough? I've seenpeopleuse a kind‿of stickytape on pipes. 水平仪!听起来很有用。我也很担心漏水的问题。如果扳手不够用怎么办?我见过人们在管子上用一种有粘性的胶带。

Mark: You're thinking‿of 'Teflontape' or 'plumber'stape.' It's a thinwhitetapeused to seal the 'threads'—that's the spiralpart‿of the pipe—to preventleaks. You mightalsohearpeopletalk‿about 'ducttape,' which is the silverheavy-dutytapepeopleuse for almosteverythingthoughit'snotactuallygreat for plumbing! 你想的是“Teflon tape”(特氟龙胶带/生料带)或“plumber's tape”。这是一种薄薄的白色胶带,用来密封“threads”(螺纹)——就是管子螺旋的部分——以防止泄漏。你可能也听人说过“duct tape”(管道胶带/大力胶),那是银色的、重型胶带,人们几乎用它来粘所有东西,虽然它实际上并不适合水管工程!

Casey:Okay, so wrenchTeflontape, and maybe some 'washers'? I readonline that faucetsoftenneednewwashers. 好的,所以是扳手、生料带,也许还有一些“washers”(垫圈)?我在网上读到水龙头通常需要新的垫圈。

Mark:Spoton! A 'washer' is a smallflatringusuallymade‿of rubber or plastic, that creates a sealIt's a verycommon 'consumable'—meaningit's a smallpart that wearsout and needsreplacing. 完全正确!“Washer”是一个小的扁平圆环,通常由橡胶或塑料制成,用来形成密封。这是一种非常常见的“消耗品”——意味着它是一个会磨损并需要更换的小零件。

Casey:This is a lot‿of vocabularyHow do I ask the storeclerk for advice if I'm notsurewhichsizewasher I need? 单词量好大啊!如果我不确定需要多大尺寸的垫圈,我该怎么向店员咨询?

Mark:That's a veryimportantskill. You can say, 'I'm trying to fix a leakyfaucetDo you knowwhichsizewasher is standard?' or betteryet, 'I have the oldoneherecould you help‿me find a match?' It'salways a goodidea to bring the oldpart with you. We callthat 'bringing‿in a sample.' 这是一个非常重要的技能。你可以说:“我正在试着修一个漏水的水龙头。你知道哪个尺寸的垫圈是标准的吗?”或者更好的是说:“我把旧的带来了,你能帮我找个匹配的吗?”带着旧零件去总是个好主意。我们称之为“带样品”。

Casey:ThatmakessenseWhat‿if I'm looking for a specificaisle? The stores are sobig. 有道理。如果我在找特定的过道怎么办?商店太大了。

Mark: You can ask, 'Whichaisle are the fastenersin?' 'Fasteners' is the generalcategory for nailsscrewsbolts, and nuts. Or you can bespecific: 'Could you tell‿me where the powertools are?' 你可以问:“紧固件在哪个过道?” “Fasteners”(紧固件)是钉子、螺丝、螺栓和螺母的总称。或者你可以具体点:“你能告诉我在哪里可以找到电动工具吗?”

Casey:PowertoolsLike a 'drill'? I'm a bitscared‿of those. 电动工具!像“电钻”吗?我有点怕那些东西。

Mark:They can beintimidating! A 'powerdrill' is used for makingholes or drivingscrewsquickly. If you're juststarting, you mightprefer a 'cordlessdrill' because it'seasier to movearound. But for hangingpictures, a manualscrewdriver is usuallyenough 'elbowgrease'—that's a greatidiommeaningphysicaleffort. 它们确实有点吓人!“Power drill”(电钻)用于快速打孔或拧螺丝。如果你刚开始,你可能更喜欢“cordless drill”(无线电钻/充电钻),因为它更容易移动。但是对于挂画来说,手动螺丝刀加上足够的“elbow grease”(肘部油脂)通常就够了——这是一个很棒的习语,意思是“体力活/费力气”。

💊 知识点胶囊

  • Elbow grease:
     字面意“肘部油脂”。引申为“费力的体力劳动”或“努力”。例:Put some elbow grease into it! (多使点劲!)

Casey: 'Elbowgrease,' I lovethat! So if a job is hard, I needmoreelbowgreaseArethereanycommonmistakes I shouldavoidwhentalking to the staff? “Elbow grease”,我喜欢这个词!所以如果工作很辛苦,我就需要更多的“肘部油脂”。和工作人员交谈时有什么我应该避免的常见错误吗?

Mark:Onecommonmistake is confusing 'metric' and 'imperialunits. In the US, they useinches and feetwhilemostotherplacesusemillimeters and centimeters. If you ask for a '10-millimeterwrench' in a smallUStown, they mighthave to look for itAnothertipdon'tsay 'I want to buy a fix-machine.' Usespecificverbs like 'repair,' 'tighten,' or 'install.' 一个常见的错误是混淆“公制”和“英制”单位。在美国,他们使用英寸和英尺,而其他大多数地方使用毫米和厘米。如果你在美国小镇要一个“10 毫米的扳手”,他们可能得找一找!另一个建议:不要说“我想买一个修理机器”。使用具体的动词,如“repair”(修理)、“tighten”(拧紧)或“install”(安装)。

Casey:Gotit. So, 'I need to tighten this bolt' or 'I need to install some shelves.' What‿about the checkoutAnythingspecialthere? 明白了。所以说,“我需要拧紧这个螺栓”或“我需要安装一些架子”。结账时呢?有什么特别的吗?

Mark:At the checkout, they mightask, 'Do you have a rewardscard?' or 'Would you like a protectionplan on that drill?' For smallitems like nails, they mightask if you foundeverythingokayJust a polite 'Yes, I'm allset' is fine. 在收银台,他们可能会问:“你有积分卡吗?”或者“你要为那个电钻买保修计划吗?”对于像钉子这样的小件物品,他们可能会问你是否找到了所有需要的东西。只需礼貌地回答“Yes, I'm all set”(是的,我都好了/都齐了)就可以了。

Casey: If I buysomething and itdoesn'tfitwhat's the phrase for bringingitback? 如果我买了东西但不合适,拿回去退换的短语怎么说?

Mark: You wouldsay, 'I'd like to returnthis' or 'I'd like to exchangethis for a differentsize.' Makesure you keep your 'receipt'! In the hardwareworldmanystoreshave a veryflexible 'returnpolicy.' 你会说,“我想退掉这个”或者“我想换一个不同尺寸的”。确保留好你的“receipt”(收据/小票)!在五金行业,很多商店都有非常灵活的“退货政策”。

Casey:This has beensohelpful, Mark. I feelmuchmoreprepared to face the 'toolaislenow. 这太有帮助了,Mark。我现在觉得更有准备去面对“工具通道”了。

Mark: I'm glad to hearitLet'sdo a quickrecap. We talked‿about the 'adjustablewrench' for plumbing, 'Phillipsheadversus 'flatheadscrewdrivers, 'tapemeasures' and 'levels' for hangingthings, and using 'elbowgrease' for hardworkRemember, if you're unsurejustdescribe the 'project' you're working‿on to the staffTheylovegivingadvice! 很高兴听你这么说!我们快速回顾一下。我们谈到了用于管道的“活动扳手”,“十字”对“一字”螺丝刀,用于挂东西的“卷尺”和“水平仪”,以及用于重活的“elbow grease”。记住,如果你不确定,就向工作人员描述你正在做的“项目”。他们很乐意提供建议!

Casey: I'll trythatMaybe I'll start with somethingeasy, like the picturehangingbefore I try to stop the 'GreatFlood' in my bathroom! 我会试试的。也许我会从简单的开始,比如挂画,在我试图阻止浴室里的“大洪水”之前!

Mark:That's a wiseplanStartsmallBefore you golet'spracticeonemoresentenceTrysaying: 'Excusemecould you pointmetoward the hardwaresection? I need some anchors for a drywallproject.' 这计划很明智!从小事做起。在你走之前,我们再练习一个句子。试着说:“打扰一下,你能给我指一下五金区在哪吗?我需要一些干壁工程用的锚栓。”

Casey:Excusemecould you pointmetoward the hardwaresection? I need some anchors for a drywallprojectHow was that? 打扰一下,你能给我指一下五金区在哪吗?我需要一些干壁工程用的锚栓。这说得怎么样?

Mark:Perfect! Your pronunciation was clear, and you used the termslike a pro. You're ready to tackle that apartmentGoodluck with the DIY, Casey! 完美!你的发音很清晰,而且用词像个行家。你准备好搞定那个公寓了。祝你 DIY 顺利,Casey!

Casey:Thanks, Mark! I'll let you know if I manage to keep my apartment in onepiece! 谢谢,Mark!如果我能让我的公寓保持完好无损,我会告诉你的!


💡 核心词汇站 (Core Vocabulary)

  1. Adjustable wrench /əˈdʒʌstəbəl rentʃ/

    • 释义:
       (n.) 活动扳手
    • 例句:
       You need an adjustable wrench to loosen that tight bolt. (你需要一把活动扳手来松开那个紧固的螺栓。)
    • 拓展:
       wrench (美式) = spanner (英式)
  2. Phillips head /ˈfɪlɪps hed/

    • 释义:
       (n./adj.) 十字头(螺丝/螺丝刀)
    • 例句:
       Most electronics use tiny Phillips head screws. (大多数电子产品使用细小的十字螺丝。)
    • 反义:
       Flathead (一字头)
  3. Tape measure /ˈteɪp meʒər/

    • 释义:
       (n.) 卷尺
    • 例句:
       Use a tape measure to check if the sofa fits in the corner. (用卷尺量一下沙发是否放得进那个角落。)
  4. Drywall /ˈdraɪwɔːl/

    • 释义:
       (n.) 干壁,石膏板(北美常见的内墙材料)
    • 例句:
       Be careful hammering nails into drywall; it crumbles easily. (往石膏板上钉钉子要小心;它很容易碎。)
  5. Anchor /ˈæŋkər/

    • 释义:
       (n.) 锚栓,膨胀螺丝(用于在空心墙上固定重物)
    • 例句:
       You must use anchors if you hang that heavy mirror. (挂那面重镜子必须用膨胀螺丝。)
  6. Fastener /ˈfæsnər/

    • 释义:
       (n.) 紧固件(螺丝、钉子、螺栓等的统称)
    • 例句:
       The fasteners aisle is aisle 12. (紧固件在第 12 号过道。)
  7. Elbow grease /ˈelbəʊ ɡriːs/

    • 释义:
       (Idiom) 费力的工作,苦干(字面:手肘的油)
    • 例句:
       It took a lot of elbow grease to scrub the floor clean. (把地板擦干净费了好大劲。)
  8. Leaky /ˈliːki/

    • 释义:
       (adj.) 漏水的,有裂缝的
    • 例句:
       A leaky faucet can waste gallons of water a day. (漏水的水龙头一天会浪费几加仑水。)
  9. Washer /ˈwɒʃər/ (UK) or /ˈwɑːʃər/ (US)

    • 释义:
       (n.) 垫圈,密封圈(注意:也常指洗衣机 washing machine)
    • 例句:
       Replacing the rubber washer usually stops the dripping. (更换橡胶垫圈通常能止住滴水。)
  10. Thread /θred/

    • 释义:
       (n.) 螺纹(管子或螺丝上的螺旋线)
    • 例句:
       Wrap Teflon tape around the threads to ensure a tight seal. (在螺纹上缠上生料带以确保密封严实。)

🗣️ 口语炼金术 (Speaking & Pragmatics)

1. 寻求替代/匹配品

  • 句型骨架:
     Could you help me find a match for [object]?
  • 语用功能:
     当你不知道配件的具体型号,直接拿着旧件去问店员时使用。这是逛五金店、汽配店的万能必杀技
  • 影子跟读:
     Could you help me / find a match / for this old bolt? (建议跟读 5 次)

2. 询问位置

  • 句型骨架:
     Could you point me toward the [category] section?
  • 语用功能:
     比 "Where is..." 更礼貌、更地道。"Point me toward" 显得非常有方向感。
  • 影子跟读:
     Excuse me, / could you point me toward / the hardware section? (建议跟读 3 次)

3. 描述用途(当不知道名称时)

  • 句型骨架:
     I'm looking for the thing to [verb] the [object].
  • 语用功能:
     救命句型。当你不知道 wrench 这个词时,可以说 "the thing to turn the pipe"。不要怕用这种简单的描述,母语者也常这样说。
  • 影子跟读:
     I'm looking for / the thing to turn / the metal pipes. (建议跟读 5 次)

4. 确认退货

  • 句型骨架:
     I'd like to exchange this for a [different size/color].
  • 语用功能:
     买了不合适的东西去柜台(Customer Service)时使用。Exchange 是换货,Return 是退货。
  • 影子跟读:
     I'd like to exchange this / for a different size. (建议跟读 3 次)

5. 表达准备完毕

  • 句型骨架:
     Yes, I'm all set.
  • 语用功能:
     收银员问 "Did you find everything okay?" 或推销服务时,用这句话礼貌地结束对话,表示“我都买齐了,不需要别的了”。
  • 影子跟读:
     Yes, / I'm all set. (建议跟读 3 次)

🌍 文化与背景 (Culture & Trivia)

🇺🇸 DIY 文化与 "Home Depot" 效应

在北美和欧洲,人工费(Labor cost)极其昂贵。请个水管工上门可能仅仅是“出场费”就要 100 美元起。因此,DIY(Do It Yourself)不仅是兴趣,更是一种生活必须。像 Home Depot 和 Lowe's 这样的大型仓储式超市,周末通常人满为患。那里不仅卖工具,还有专门的 Workshop 教你如何铺瓷砖、刷漆。

📏 公制 (Metric) vs. 英制 (Imperial)

文中 Mark 提到的单位问题非常经典。美国是世界上少数几个坚持使用英制单位(inches, feet, pounds)的国家之一。

  • 螺丝/扳手:
     美国的工具通常是 1/4 inch, 1/2 inch。如果你买的是宜家(IKEA,瑞典品牌)的家具,通常配的是公制(毫米)工具。如果不匹配,千万不要用“蛮力”(Elbow grease),否则会拧花螺纹(strip the threads)!

✅ 听力挑战答案 (Answer Key)

  1. huge part of
  2. adjustable wrench
  3. stays put
  4. popularized, design
  5. enough, elbow grease

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000476s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=a_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000880s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000336s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000285s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000570s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000232s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000656s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 459767 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.004458s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1777248900 WHERE `id` = 459767 [ RunTime:0.002339s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 459767 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000515s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 459767 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000404s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 459767 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.003932s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 459767 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000878s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 459767 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.000715s ]
0.084116s