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📚 狂暴英语教案 · 新概念英语第一册
第31-32课 Where's Sally? & What's she doing?
萨莉在哪里？ / 她正在做什么？
📘 本课信息
教材：新概念英语第一册 · 第31-32课
核心功能：询问地点 · 描述正在进行的动作 · 礼貌追问
语法焦点：现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense) · 动词-ing变化
🎯 本课学习目标
词汇：
掌握与日常活动、家务、方位相关的核心动词和名词，如 garden, climb, run, jump, type, letter, basket, bone, clean, cook, meal, drink, tap 等。
语法：
深入理解并熟练运用现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense) 的结构、用法和意义，特别是其与一般现在时的区别；掌握动词现在分词的规则与不规则变化。
技能（日常对话）：
能够用现在进行时描述他人正在进行的活动；能够询问和回答关于某人正在何处做何事的问题；掌握简单的祈使句及其否定形式。
文化：
初步了解英国家庭日常活动的常见场景；理解“花园”作为家庭休闲空间的文化意义。
📖 第一部分：课文完整内容
Lesson 31 Where's Sally?
📜 课文原文（含语音标注）
JEAN: Where's Sally, Jack?
琼：杰克，萨莉在哪儿？
JACK: She's in the garden, Jean.
杰克：她在花园里，琼。
JEAN: What's she doing?
琼：她在干什么？
JACK: She's sitting under the tree.
杰克：她正坐在树下。
JEAN: Is Tim in the garden, too?
琼：蒂姆也在花园里吗？
JACK: Yes, he is. He's climbing the tree.
杰克：是的，他也在。他正在爬树。
JEAN: I beg your pardon? Who is climbing the tree?
琼：对不起，谁在爬树？
JACK: Tim is.
杰克：蒂姆在爬树。
JEAN: What about the dog?
琼：那么狗呢？
JACK: The dog's in the garden, too. It's running across the grass. It's running after a cat.
杰克：狗也在花园里。它正在草地上跑。它在追一只猫。
语音标注： Where's 连读 /weərz/；She's 弱读 /ʃiz/；What's 连读 /wɒts/；sitting 双写t；climbing /ˈklaɪmɪŋ/；running across 连读 /ˈrʌnɪŋ əˈkrɒs/。
Lesson 32 What's he/she/it doing?
📜 课文原文（本课为图片对话练习课，核心句型如下）
- What's he/she/it doing?
- He's/She's/It's [动词-ing]...
- What are they doing?
- They're [动词-ing]...
情景说明：第31课发生在一个家庭内部。Jean（可能是母亲或姐姐）正在寻找Sally，并向Jack（可能是父亲或哥哥）询问。对话场景从室内延伸到对花园活动的描述。这是一个典型的家庭成员间关于其他成员去向和活动的日常询问。对话中出现了 I beg your pardon? 这一表达，生动体现了在未听清或确认信息时的礼貌追问。第32课是基于一系列图片的句型操练课，旨在巩固第31课引入的“现在进行时”问答句型。图片描绘了各种人物和动物正在进行的动作，如打字、吃饭、清洗等，将语法学习与视觉提示相结合，强化记忆。
参考译文：
第31课 萨莉在哪里？
琼：杰克，萨莉在哪儿？
杰克：她在花园里，琼。
琼：她在干什么？
杰克：她正坐在树下。
琼：蒂姆也在花园里吗？
杰克：是的，他也在。他正在爬树。
琼：对不起，谁在爬树？
杰克：蒂姆在爬树。
琼：那么狗呢？
杰克：狗也在花园里。它正在草地上跑。它在追一只猫。
第32课 他/她/它正在做什么？
（图片描述练习）
🔍 第二部分：逐句精讲与词块总结
句子1
原文： Where's Sally, Jack?
翻译： 杰克，萨莉在哪儿？
句子结构： 特殊疑问句。Where's 是 Where is 的缩写，引导疑问句。Sally 是主语，Jack 是呼语。
重点词汇：
where 蓝思值 BR L
英音 /weə(r)/ 美音 /wer/ 词性：adv.
释义：在哪里；到哪里；处于哪种情形
常用语块：Where is/are...? Where do/does...?
例句一：Where is my book? 我的书在哪儿？
例句二：Where are you from? 你来自哪里？
拓展：where 作为疑问副词，不能单独作主语或宾语，必须与系动词或助动词结合构成疑问句。其对应的答语通常是表示地点的介词短语（如 in the garden）或副词（如 here, there）。
语法点睛： 这是由 where 引导的特殊疑问句，用于询问地点。结构为：Where + be动词 + 主语?
语音要点： Where's 发音时，where 和 is 发生连读，/weər ɪz/ → /weərz/。呼语 Jack 用升调，表示呼唤或引起注意。
句子2
原文： She's in the garden, Jean.
翻译： 她在花园里，琼。
句子结构： 主系表结构（SVC）。She's 是 She is 的缩写，作主语和系动词。in the garden 是介词短语作表语。Jean 是呼语。
重点词汇：
garden 蓝思值 450L
英音 /ˈɡɑːdn/ 美音 /ˈɡɑːrdn/ 词性：n.
释义：花园；菜园；果园
常用语块：in the garden, a beautiful garden, vegetable garden
例句一：The children are playing in the garden. 孩子们正在花园里玩耍。
例句二：We grow tomatoes in our garden. 我们在菜园里种西红柿。
拓展：在英美文化中，garden（通常指后院）是家庭重要的休闲和社交空间，不同于中国的“公园”（park）。相关词汇：gardener（园丁），gardening（园艺）。
语法点睛： 介词 in 表示“在......里面”。in the garden 作为一个地点状语，回答了 where 的问题。
语音要点： She's 弱读为 /ʃiz/。garden 注意英音和美音中 /ɑː/ 的发音区别。句末呼语 Jean 用降调，表示陈述完毕。
句子3
原文： What's she doing?
翻译： 她在干什么？
句子结构： 特殊疑问句。What's 是 What is 的缩写。she 是主语，doing 是现在分词，与 is 构成现在进行时。
重点词汇：
do 蓝思值 BR L
英音 /duː/ 美音 /duː/ 词性：v. & auxiliary v.
释义：做，干；构成疑问句和否定句的助动词
常用语块：What are you doing? How do you do? do homework, do sports
例句一：What does he do? (询问职业) 他是做什么工作的？
例句二：I do my laundry every Sunday. 我每个星期天洗衣服。
拓展：do 是一个非常活跃的动词，含义广泛，常与名词搭配构成短语（如 do the dishes 洗碗）。在本课中，doing 是其现在分词形式。
语法点睛： 这是现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式。结构为：What + be动词 + 主语 + doing? 用于询问某人正在进行的动作。
语音要点： What's 连读为 /wɒts/。she 在疑问句中通常不重读。句末用升调，表示疑问。
句子4
原文： She's sitting under the tree.
翻译： 她正坐在树下。
句子结构： 现在进行时的陈述句。She's 是 She is 的缩写。sitting 是现在分词，作谓语的一部分。under the tree 是介词短语作地点状语。
重点词汇：
sit 蓝思值 BR L
英音 /sɪt/ 美音 /sɪt/ 词性：v.
释义：坐
常用语块：sit down, sit on the chair, sit at the table
例句一：Please sit down. 请坐。
例句二：He is sitting by the window. 他正坐在窗边。
拓展：sit 的现在分词形式 sitting 需要双写尾字母 t 再加 -ing。反义词：stand（站）。
under 蓝思值 BR L
英音 /ˈʌndə(r)/ 美音 /ˈʌndər/ 词性：prep.
释义：在......下面；少于；在......情况下
常用语块：under the table, under the bed, under 10 years old
例句一：The cat is sleeping under the chair. 猫正在椅子下面睡觉。
例句二：Children under five are free. 五岁以下儿童免费。
拓展：under 强调垂直方向的下方，且有接触或覆盖的可能。与 below（在下方，不一定垂直）和 beneath（正式用语）略有区别。
语法点睛： 这是现在进行时的肯定句。结构为：主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词 (+ 其他成分)。under 是表示方位的介词。
语音要点： sitting 发音为 /ˈsɪtɪŋ/，注意 /t/ 和 /ɪŋ/ 的衔接。under the 可以连读为 /ˈʌndə ðə/。
句子5
原文： Is Tim in the garden, too?
翻译： 蒂姆也在花园里吗？
句子结构： 一般疑问句。Is 提前构成疑问。Tim 是主语，in the garden 是表语，too 是副词。
重点词汇：
too 蓝思值 BR L
英音 /tuː/ 美音 /tuː/ 词性：adv.
释义：也；还；太，过于
常用语块：me too, too much, too many, too late
例句一：I like apples, and I like oranges too. 我喜欢苹果，也喜欢橘子。
例句二：This soup is too hot to drink. 这汤太烫了，不能喝。
拓展：too 表示“也”时，通常用于肯定句句末，前面常有逗号。also 也表示“也”，但多用于句中。either 用于否定句句末。
语法点睛： 这是一般疑问句，将系动词 is 提到主语 Tim 之前。too 表示“也”，用于肯定句。
语音要点： Is Tim 可以连读为 /ɪz tɪm/。too 在句末通常用升调，与疑问句语调一致。
句子6
原文： Yes, he is. He's climbing the tree.
翻译： 是的，他在。他正在爬树。
句子结构： 第一句是简略回答。第二句是现在进行时陈述句。He's 是 He is 的缩写，climbing 是现在分词。
重点词汇：
climb 蓝思值 500L
英音 /klaɪm/ 美音 /klaɪm/ 词性：v.
释义：爬，攀登；上升
常用语块：climb a mountain, climb up/down, climb the stairs
例句一：They are climbing Mount Everest. 他们正在攀登珠穆朗玛峰。
例句二：The temperature climbed to 35°C. 气温上升到了35度。
拓展：climb 既可以指具体的“攀爬”动作，也可以指抽象的“上升”。其现在分词为 climbing。
语法点睛： Yes, he is. 是对一般疑问句 Is Tim in the garden? 的肯定简略回答。完整回答是 Yes, he is in the garden. 第二句 He's climbing the tree. 则提供了更具体的信息，使用了现在进行时。
语音要点： Yes, he is. 中 he is 可以连读为 /hi jɪz/，但通常 is 会重读以示强调。climbing 发音为 /ˈklaɪmɪŋ/。
句子7
原文： I beg your pardon? Who is climbing the tree?
翻译： 对不起，谁在爬树？
句子结构： 第一句是固定表达。第二句是特殊疑问句。Who 是疑问代词作主语。
重点词汇：
beg 蓝思值 600L
英音 /beɡ/ 美音 /beɡ/ 词性：v.
释义：乞讨；恳求
常用语块：beg for money, beg your pardon, I beg to differ (恕我不能同意)
例句一：The poor man begged for food. 那个可怜的人乞讨食物。
例句二：He begged her to stay. 他恳求她留下来。
拓展：I beg your pardon. 或 Pardon? 是礼貌用语，用于请求对方重复所说的话，或用于为自己的轻微过失道歉。
pardon 蓝思值 600L
英音 /ˈpɑːdn/ 美音 /ˈpɑːrdn/ 词性：n. & v.
释义：原谅，宽恕；赦免
常用语块：beg your pardon, grant a pardon
例句一：Pardon me for interrupting. 请原谅我打断一下。
例句二：The governor pardoned the prisoner. 州长赦免了那个囚犯。
拓展：在口语中，Pardon? 升调表示“请再说一遍”；降调表示“对不起”。
who 蓝思值 BR L
英音 /huː/ 美音 /huː/ 词性：pron.
释义：谁
常用语块：Who is it? Who are you? Who knows?
例句一：Who is that man? 那个男人是谁？
例句二：Who told you the news? 谁告诉你这个消息的？
拓展：who 是主格疑问代词，在疑问句中作主语。其宾格是 whom，但在现代英语口语中常被 who 代替。
语法点睛： I beg your pardon? 是一个完整的句子，用作插入语。Who is climbing the tree? 是 who 作主语的疑问句，结构为 Who + be动词 + 现在分词 + 其他?
语音要点： I beg your pardon? 整体用升调，表示疑问和请求。your 弱读为 /jə(r)/。Who is 可以连读为 /huː wɪz/。
句子8
原文： Tim is.
翻译： 蒂姆在爬。
句子结构： 主系结构。Tim 是主语，is 是系动词，承前省略了表语 climbing the tree。
重点词汇： （本句为简略回答，无新重点词汇）
语法点睛： 这是对 Who is climbing the tree? 的简略回答。在对话中，为了避免重复，经常使用这种省略形式，只保留主语和助动词/系动词。
语音要点： Tim is 中，is 通常重读，发音清晰 /tɪm ɪz/，以明确回答。
句子9
原文： What about the dog?
翻译： 那么狗呢？
句子结构： 省略的特殊疑问句。完整形式可理解为 What about the dog? Where is it and what is it doing?
重点词汇：
what about 蓝思值 BR L
释义：......怎么样？......呢？
常用语块：What about you? What about going for a walk?
例句一：I'm tired. What about you? 我累了，你呢？
例句二：What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡怎么样？
拓展：What about...? 或 How about...? 用于提出建议、征求意见或询问情况，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
语法点睛： What about...? 是一个非常有用的口语表达，用于转换话题或询问与之前话题相关的其他事物的情况。
语音要点： What about 连读为 /wɒt əˈbaʊt/。the dog 中 the 在辅音前读 /ðə/。整句用升调。
句子10
原文： The dog's in the garden, too. It's running across the grass. It's running after a cat.
翻译： 狗也在花园里。它正在草地上跑。它在追一只猫。
句子结构： 三个并列的陈述句。第一句是主系表。第二、三句是现在进行时。It's 是 It is 的缩写。
重点词汇：
run 蓝思值 BR L
英音 /rʌn/ 美音 /rʌn/ 词性：v.
释义：跑；经营；运转
常用语块：run fast, run a company, run out of
例句一：He runs every morning to keep fit. 他每天早晨跑步以保持健康。
例句二：The machine runs on electricity. 这台机器靠电力运转。
拓展：run 的现在分词为 running，需要双写 n。run after 是固定短语，意为“追赶”。
across 蓝思值 500L
英音 /əˈkrɒs/ 美音 /əˈkrɔːs/ 词性：prep. & adv.
释义：横过，穿过；在......对面
常用语块：walk across the street, across from, come across (偶然遇到)
例句一：She swam across the river. 她游过了河。
例句二：My house is just across the street. 我家就在街对面。
拓展：across 强调从一边到另一边的表面穿越。through 强调从内部穿过。
grass 蓝思值 500L
英音 /ɡrɑːs/ 美音 /ɡræs/ 词性：n.
释义：草；草地
常用语块：green grass, cut the grass, on the grass
例句一：Don't walk on the grass. 请勿践踏草坪。
例句二：We had a picnic on the grass. 我们在草地上野餐。
拓展：grass 通常为不可数名词。a blade of grass 一根草。
after 蓝思值 BR L
英音 /ˈɑːftə(r)/ 美音 /ˈæftər/ 词性：prep. & conj. & adv.
释义：在......之后；追赶；依照
常用语块：after school, day after day, run after, look after (照顾)
例句一：We'll go for a walk after dinner. 我们晚饭后去散步。
例句二：She takes after her mother. 她长得像她妈妈。
拓展：run after 是“追逐”的动词短语。after 作为介词，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
语法点睛： 这三句话连续使用现在进行时，生动地描绘了狗的动态。across the grass 和 after a cat 都是介词短语，分别作地点状语和目的状语。run after 是一个动词短语。
语音要点： running across 可以连读为 /ˈrʌnɪŋ əˈkrɒs/。after a 连读为 /ˈɑːftər ə/。cat 用降调结束描述。
📌 核心词块总结 (Key Lexical Chunks)
1. in the garden (在花园里): Indicates location within a garden. Example: The children are playing in the garden.
2. under the tree (在树下): Describes a position directly below a tree. Example: She is reading a book under the tree.
3. climb the tree (爬树): The action of ascending a tree. Example: The little boy is trying to climb the tree.
4. run across the grass (跑过草地): To move quickly on foot over an area of grass. Example: The dog happily ran across the grass.
5. run after (追赶): To chase or pursue someone or something. Example: The police officer ran after the thief.
6. What about...? (......呢？): Used to introduce a new topic or ask for an opinion about something else. Example: I'll have tea. What about you?
💬 第三部分：基础会话技巧
1. 分析课文中的日常用语、礼貌表达、问答模式
- 询问去向与活动：本课展示了最基础的询问模式链：Where is...? → What's ... doing? → Is ... too? → What about...?。这是一个连贯的、自然的对话推进方式。
- 礼貌追问：I beg your pardon? 是听力未清或需要确认时的礼貌用语，比直接说 What? 更得体。
- 简略回答：Yes, he is. / Tim is. 体现了英语口语的简洁性，避免不必要的重复。
- 话题转换：What about...? 是平滑转换话题或询问相关事物的万能句。
2. 提供类似场景的扩展对话示例
场景： 在办公室，同事A寻找同事B。
A: Excuse me, where's David?
C: He's in the meeting room.
A: What's he doing?
C: He's having a video conference with the New York office.
A: Is Emily in the meeting room too?
C: No, she isn't.
A: What about her? Where is she?
C: She's at her desk. She's typing a report.
A: I see. Thank you.
3. 设计简单的角色扮演活动建议
- 活动1：家庭侦察兵 学生A扮演家长，学生B扮演在家的孩子。家长打电话回家，询问其他家庭成员（爷爷、妈妈、弟弟、宠物狗）在哪里，在做什么。孩子根据图片或想象进行回答。
- 活动2：公园目击者 两人一组。学生A描述一张公园场景的图片（或想象一个场景），用现在进行时说出图中3-4个人/动物在做什么。学生B听后，向学生A提问关于图中另外1-2个人/物的问题，如 What about the boy on the bike?
4. 融入基础思考：设计1-2个简单的代入式问题
- 问题1： 如果你像课文里的Jean一样，听到有人说你的弟弟/妹妹在爬树，你的第一反应是什么？你会问 Who is climbing the tree? 来确认，还是会有别的反应？为什么？
- 问题2： 在你们的城市/社区，常见的“花园”(garden)是什么样的？人们通常在花园里做什么活动？这和课文中的花园活动有什么相同或不同？
📐 第四部分：本课语法精析
现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)
1. 基本结构
现在进行时的基本结构是：主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词 (V-ing) + 其他。
- am 用于第一人称单数 I。
- is 用于第三人称单数 he, she, it 或单数名词。
- are 用于第二人称 you 及所有人称复数 we, they 或复数名词。
例句：I am reading. / She is writing. / They are playing football.
2. 现在分词的构成规则
- 大多数动词：直接在动词原形后加 -ing。 work → working, do → doing, read → reading, play → playing
- 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词：先去 e，再加 -ing。 make → making, write → writing, type → typing (第32课), come → coming
- 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词：双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ing。 sit → sitting, run → running, swim → swimming, put → putting
注意：climb /klaɪm/ 结尾的 mb 不发音，且音节不重读，所以直接加 -ing: climbing。
- 以 ie 结尾的动词：变 ie 为 y，再加 -ing。 lie → lying, die → dying, tie → tying
3. 现在进行时的核心用法
- 表示说话时正在进行的动作。这是最典型的用法，常与 now, at the moment, at present, right now 等时间状语连用。
例句：Look! It's raining now. 看！现在下雨了。
课文应用：She's sitting under the tree. / He's climbing the tree. / It's running across the grass.
- 表示当前一段时间内正在进行的活动（但说话时不一定正在做）。
例句：I'm reading a novel by Dickens these days. 我这几天正在读一本狄更斯的小说。（说话时可能没在读，但阅读是这几天持续的活动）
- 表示按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作，常用于表示位置移动的动词，如 go, come, leave, arrive, start 等。
例句：He is leaving for London tomorrow. 他明天动身去伦敦。
4. 现在进行时的疑问句与否定句
- 一般疑问句：将 am/is/are 提到主语前。结构：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V-ing + 其他？
例句：Are you listening to me? 你在听我说话吗？
课文应用：Is Tim in the garden, too?
- 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序。结构：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + V-ing + 其他？
例句：What are you doing? Where is he going?
课文应用：What's she doing? Who is climbing the tree?
- 否定句：在 am/is/are 后加 not。结构：主语 + am/is/are + not + V-ing + 其他。
例句：I'm not joking. 我不是在开玩笑。
课文应用（潜在）：The cat is not sleeping. It's running.
5. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
- 一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或永恒的状态、真理。它描述的是“常态”。
例句：He works in a bank. (职业，常态) / The sun rises in the east. (真理)
- 现在进行时：表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。它描述的是“动态”或“临时状态”。
例句：He is working on a report now. (此刻正在做) / She is living with her parents these days. (现阶段临时居住)
对比：
He drinks coffee. (他喝咖啡。指习惯，可能每天喝。)
He is drinking coffee. (他正在喝咖啡。指此刻手里正端着一杯咖啡在喝。)
6. 不宜用进行时态的动词
有些动词表示状态、感觉、情感、拥有或思维活动，通常不用进行时态。这类动词称为“静态动词”(Stative Verbs)。常见的有：
- 表示感觉：see, hear, smell, taste, feel (感觉起来)
- 表示情感或态度：like, love, hate, prefer, want, wish
- 表示拥有：have, own, possess, belong to
- 表示思维活动：know, believe, understand, remember, forget, think (认为)
- 其他状态：be, seem, cost, weigh, matter
例句：I like music. (√) / I am liking music. (×)
但是，当这些词义发生变化时，可能使用进行时。如：have 表示“吃、开会”时可用进行时 (He is having lunch.); think 表示“思考”时可用进行时 (I'm thinking about the problem.)。
7. 练习题 (不少于10道)
① 用所给动词的现在进行时形式填空。
1. Look! The boys __________ (play) football on the playground.
2. Listen! Someone __________ (sing) in the next room.
3. --- Where is your mother? --- She __________ (cook) in the kitchen.
4. It's 8 p.m. now. My father __________ (watch) the news on TV.
5. Be quiet! The baby __________ (sleep).
6. --- Can you answer the phone? I __________ (wash) my hands. --- OK.
7. They __________ (not swim) in the pool. They __________ (sit) by the pool.
8. --- __________ you __________ (wait) for the bus? --- Yes, I am.
9. What __________ your sister __________ (do) at the moment?
10. Who __________ (make) that noise? Please stop it.
② 选择题。
11. Don't make noise. The baby __________.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. sleep
12. --- __________ you __________ a letter to your friend? --- No, I'm not.
A. Do; write B. Are; write C. Are; writing D. Do; writing
13. We usually __________ TV in the evening, but now we __________ to the radio.
A. watch; are listening B. are watching; listen C. watch; listen D. are watching; are listening
14. --- Where is Tom? --- He __________ in his room.
A. is reading B. reads C. read D. reading
15. Listen! The birds __________ in the tree.
A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. are singing
【练习题答案】
① 1. are playing 2. is singing 3. is cooking 4. is watching 5. is sleeping 6. am washing 7. are not swimming; are sitting 8. Are; waiting 9. is; doing 10. is making
② 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. D
✏️ 第五部分：基础练习与活动
1. 跟读练习：播放第31课录音，学生逐句跟读。重点模仿 Where's, What's, She's, He's, It's 的连读和弱读，以及疑问句的升调和陈述句的降调。
2. 角色扮演：两人一组，分角色朗读并表演第31课对话。然后，根据第32课的图片，自编类似对话。例如，一人指图问 What's he doing?，另一人回答 He's typing a letter.
3. 简单替换练习
- 句型替换：用不同的人称和动词替换划线部分。模板：A: Where's (Tom)? B: He's in the (living room). A: What's he doing? B: He's (watching TV). 可替换：(Tom/Mary/My brother), (living room/kitchen/bedroom/library), (watching TV/reading a book/cooking/sleeping)
- 动词-ing转换：给出动词原形，快速说出其现在分词形式。 sit, run, climb, type, eat, clean, cook, drink, jump, wash
4. 听力理解题目
听一段简短对话（教师可朗读或播放自制音频），回答下列问题。
对话内容：
Man: Hi, Susan. Where are the kids?
Woman: Oh, they're in the backyard.
Man: What are they doing?
Woman: Billy is climbing the apple tree. Anna is sitting on the grass and drawing. And the dog, Max, is running after a butterfly.
Man: Sounds like fun!
问题：
① Where are the kids?
② What is Billy doing?
③ Is Anna climbing the tree?
④ What is Max doing?
参考答案：
① They are in the backyard.
② He is climbing the apple tree.
③ No, she isn't. She is sitting on the grass and drawing.
④ It/He is running after a butterfly.
5. 课文改写版本（词汇更简单）
Lesson 31 (Simplified Version)
A: Where is Sally?
B: She is in the garden.
A: What is her action? (她在做什么动作？)
B: She sits under the tree.
A: Is Tim there?
B: Yes. He goes up the tree. (他上树。)
A: Sorry? Who?
B: Tim.
A: And the dog?
B: The dog is there too. It goes fast on the green plants. It goes behind a cat.
🤔 第六部分：英文深度思考与拓展
A. 层次化英文问题与答案
① Level 1 (Factual):
1. Q: Where is Sally? A: She is in the garden.
2. Q: What is Sally doing under the tree? A: She is sitting under the tree.
3. Q: Who is climbing the tree? A: Tim is climbing the tree.
4. Q: Where is the dog? A: The dog is in the garden too.
② Level 2 (Inferential):
5. Q: Why does Jean say "I beg your pardon?" after Jack says "He's climbing the tree"? A: She probably didn't hear clearly or was surprised that Tim was climbing the tree, so she asks for confirmation.
6. Q: What is the relationship between the dog and the cat based on the sentence "It's running after a cat"? A: The dog is chasing the cat. They are probably playing, or the dog wants to catch the cat.
7. Q: From the dialogue, can we tell if the garden is a busy or a quiet place at that moment? A: It seems quite busy and lively. Sally is sitting, Tim is climbing, and the dog is running. It's not quiet.
8. Q: If you were Jack, how would you answer Jean's question "What about the dog?" in one sentence, combining the two pieces of information? A: The dog is also in the garden, running across the grass after a cat.
③ Level 3 (Evaluative/Creative):
9. Q: Imagine you are Tim climbing the tree. What might you see from up there that Jean and Jack cannot see from the house? A: From up the tree, I might see over the garden fence into the neighbor's yard, spot a bird's nest, or get a better view of the cat the dog is chasing.
10. Q: Do you think it's common for children to climb trees in your neighborhood? Why or why not? A: (Answers will vary.) In my neighborhood, it's not very common because there are fewer big trees in yards, and parents might worry about safety.
11. Q: The dog is "running after" a cat. Can you think of another common situation where one person or animal is "running after" another? Describe it using the present continuous tense. A: In the park, a little boy is running after his ball that is rolling away.
12. Q: Create a short continuation of the story. What happens next with the dog and the cat? A: The cat quickly climbs up the same tree Tim is on. The dog stops at the bottom of the tree and starts barking. Tim looks down, surprised to see the cat next to him.
B. 多类型拓展阅读
1. 现代场景故事 (Modern Scene Story)
It's a sunny Saturday afternoon. Emma is video-calling her friend Lily from her living room.
"Hey Lily, what's up?" Emma asks.
"Not much," Lily replies, pointing her phone camera around. "I'm just in the backyard. My brother, Leo, isn't playing his video games for once! He's actually climbing the old oak tree to fix a loose rope for our swing. My dad is helping him, holding the ladder."
"That's cool!" Emma says. "What about your dog, Milo?"
Lily turns the camera. "Oh, he's not running after anything today. He's just lying under the tree, watching them work. He's chewing on a big bone. Very lazy!"
They both laugh. Sometimes, the simplest family moments in the garden are the best.
引导性问题：How is the scene in Lily's backyard similar to and different from the one in our textbook?
2. 文化背景小知识 (Cultural Background)
The English Garden
In Britain, the "garden" usually means the private green space at the back or front of a house. It's a very important part of home life. Unlike large public parks, a British garden is often a personal project. People "do the gardening" -- they mow the lawn (cut the grass), plant flowers, and grow vegetables. For children, the garden is a natural playground. They play on the grass, climb trees (if there are any), and run around. Pets, especially dogs, love the garden too. On sunny weekends, families might have a "barbecue" (BBQ) in the garden. So, when Jack says Sally is "in the garden," it paints a very typical and cozy British domestic picture.
引导性问题：What do people typically do in a British garden according to the passage?
3. 今昔对比 (Then and Now)
The scene in our textbook is timeless: children in a garden, a pet dog running. But how we talk about this scene has changed slightly with technology. In the past, if you wanted to know what a family member was doing in the garden, you might shout from the back door or walk out to see, just like Jean asks Jack. Today, with smartphones and smart home devices, you might do things differently. A parent inside could look at a security camera feed on their phone to see "where the kids are" and "what they're doing." They might even send a text message: "What r u doing?" and get a reply: "Sitting under the tree, texting u! :)" The activities (sitting, climbing, running) remain human, but the way we communicate about them is faster and often digital.
引导性问题：What is one modern way to find out what someone is doing in the garden, according to the passage?
4. 新潮英语改写 (Trendy English Rewrite)
Yo, what's up? Where's Sally at?
She's chillin' in the backyard, dude.
Seriously? What's she doing?
Just posted up under the tree. Vibing.
Is Tim out there too?
Yeah, for sure. He's literally climbing the tree right now.
Wait, what? Say that again?
Tim. Is. Climbing. The. Tree.
Oh, snap! What about the doggo?
The pup's there too. Zooming across the lawn. Totally chasing a cat. It's pure chaos!
引导性问题：Can you find the sentences that mean "She's sitting under the tree" and "It's running after a cat" in this trendy version?
5. 难度略高的拓展阅读 (Slightly Higher Difficulty)
Observation and Description
The ability to accurately describe an ongoing scene is a key language skill. The dialogue in Lesson 31 is a perfect mini-example. The speaker (Jack) acts as the "eyes" for the listener (Jean). He provides a series of quick, clear observations using the present continuous tense. First, he gives a location: "She's in the garden." Then, he adds a specific action and location: "She's sitting under the tree." When asked about another person, he confirms the location and adds a new, more dynamic action: "He's climbing the tree." Finally, for the dog, he describes a sequence of actions that tell a mini-story: "It's running across the grass. It's running after a cat." Each sentence builds upon the last, painting a complete and lively picture. This is how we turn simple grammar into effective communication.
引导性问题：Why does the author say Jack's description of the dog tells a "mini-story"?
🌍 第七部分：日常应用延伸
1. 提供本课语言点在日常生活中的应用场景
- 打电话时：当你打电话找某人，接电话的人告诉你他/她不在身边时，你可以用 Where is he/she? 和 What's he/she doing? 来询问。
- 描述窗外/街景：等车或坐在咖啡馆时，可以用现在进行时描述你看到的情景。That man is crossing the street. A woman is waiting for the bus. Some birds are flying in the sky.
- 解释自己正在忙的事：当别人找你而你在忙时，可以说 Sorry, I'm cooking right now. Can I call you back later? 或 I'm doing my homework.
- 询问同伴活动：和朋友家人在一起时，想知道别人在做什么，可以直接问 What are you doing? 或指着远处的人问 What's that person doing over there?
2. 建议简单拓展学习材料
- 歌曲：歌曲 "Lemon Tree" by Fool's Garden 歌词中反复出现 "I'm sitting here in a boring room" 和 "I'm wasting my time"，是感受现在进行时在音乐中运用的好例子。
- 儿童动画或视频：选择一些情节简单的英语动画短片（如 Peppa Pig 片段），观看时尝试用现在进行时描述角色的动作。Peppa is jumping in muddy puddles. George is crying.
- 图片描述练习：在网上找一些“繁忙的街道”、“公园”、“办公室”等场景的图片，尝试用 There is/are... 和 He/She/They is/are V-ing... 的句型描述图片内容。
3. 可附加英美生活小常识
- "Garden" vs "Yard"：在美国英语中，房屋自带的草地庭院更常被称为 yard (backyard/front yard)。Garden 更特指种植了花草、蔬菜的园地。在英国英语中，garden 泛指房屋附属的庭院。
- 爬树的安全：虽然课文里Tim在爬树，但在现实生活中，英美家长也会教育孩子注意爬树的安全，特别是在公共区域或高大的树上。私人花园里的树通常更安全可控。
- 宠物与花园：让狗在自家花园里自由奔跑是常见的。但主人有责任确保花园篱笆完好，防止狗跑出去。Running after 松鼠、猫或球是狗狗在花园里的典型娱乐活动。
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