Part I
Professor: OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts. Who can sum up some of the main points? Frank?
Student: Well, I guess there wasn’t really any, you know, official government support for the arts until the twentieth century. But the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to support the arts was the Federal Art Project.
Professor: Right, so what can you say about the project?
Student: Um… it was started during the Depression, um… in the 1930s to employ out-of-work artists.
Professor: So was it successful? Janet? What do you say?
Student: Yeah, sure, it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of… uh like community art centers and galleries in places like rural areas where people hadn’t really had access to the arts.
Professor: Right.
联邦艺术项目是美国政府为支持艺术发展所做的第一次尝试。
1. sum up
to state the main points of sth in a short and clear form 总结；概括
E.g.: To sum up , there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。
2. depression|dɪˈpreʃn|
noun. a period when there is little economic activity and many people are poor or without jobs 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气
E.g.: He grew up during the (Great) Depression. [=the 1930s, when the U.S. and many other countries were in a very bad depression]
他是在大萧条时代长大的。[=1930年代，当时美国和许多其他国家处于非常严重的经济萧条期]
3. for one thing
used to introduce one of two or more reasons for doing sth （用以引出两个以上的理由之一）一来，一方面
E.g.: ‘Why don't you get a car? ’ ‘Well, for one thing, I can't drive! ’
“你为什么不买辆汽车呢？”“啊，首先，我不会开车！”
4. access|ˈækses|
noun.the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb/sth （使用或见到的）机会，权利
E.g.: Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
Part II
Student: Yeah. But didn’t the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn’t even very good?
Professor: Uh… some people might say that. But wasn’t the primary objective of the Federal Art Project to provide jobs?
Student: Um, that’s true. I mean… it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists.
Professor: Right. But then when the United States became involved in the Second World War, unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren’t really necessary any longer. So, moving on, we don't actually see any govern… well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts.
但是当美国卷入第二次世界大战的时候，美国的失业率下降了，这些项目似乎不再有必要了。
1. end up
to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend or expect to be in 最终成为；最后处于
E.g.: If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead.
如果他继续这样开车，总有一天会把命都丢掉。
2. objective |əbˈdʒektɪv|
noun. something that you are trying to achieve 目标；目的
E.g.: You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself.
你必须给自己确定切实可行的目的和目标。
3. promote|prəˈməʊt|
verb.to help sth to happen or develop 促进；推动
E.g.: a campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues
提高环保意识的运动
Part III
It was felt by a number of politicians that… well that the government had a responsibility to support the arts as sort of… oh, what can we say? the, the soul… or spirit of the country. The idea was that there be a federalsubsidy… um financial assistance to artists and artistic or cultural institutions.
And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Arts was created, so it was through the NEA, the National Endowment for the Arts, um… that the arts would develop, would be promoted throughout the nation. And then individual states throughout the country started to establish their own state arts councils to help support the arts. There was kind of uh… cultural explosion.
And by the mid-1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty states had their own arts agencies, their own state arts councils that work with the federal government with corporations, artists, performers, you name it.
然后全国各个州开始成立自己州的艺术委员会来帮助支持发展艺术。
1. federal |ˈfedərəl|
adj. (within a federal system , for example the US and Canada) connected with national government rather than the local government of an individual state （在美国、加拿大等联邦制下）联邦政府的
E.g.: The federal government controls just 6% of the education budget.
联邦政府仅掌控 6％的教育预算。
2. subsidy |ˈsʌbsədi|
noun. money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low 补贴；补助金；津贴
E.g.: European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts.
欧洲农场主正策划一场抗议削减农场补贴的大规模示威游行。
3. endowment|ɪnˈdaʊmənt|
noun.money that is given to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income; the act of giving this money 捐款；捐赠；资助
E.g.: The hospital was founded on an endowment fund.
这所医院是用捐赠基金创办。
4. you name it
anything you could say or think of 凡是你说得出的，凡是你能想到的(应有尽有)
E.g.: Pickled cucumbers, jam, pickled berries, tomatoes; you name it, they've got it.
酸黄瓜、果酱、腌浆果、西红柿，凡是你说得出的，他们都有。
Part IV
Student: Did you just say corporations? How are they involved?
Professor: Well, you see, corporations aren’t always altruistic. They might not support the arts unless… well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives to support the arts, that is, by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patrons of the arts.
Um, the Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C., you may uh… maybe you’ve been there, or Lincoln Centre in New York. Both of these were built with substantial financial support from corporations. And the Kennedy and Lincoln centers aren’t the only examples. Many of your cultural establishments in the United States will have a plaque somewhere acknowledging the support, the money they received from whatever corporation. Oh, yes, Janet?
许多美国文化机构都会在某处放置一块牌匾，以鸣谢他们从相关公司获得的支持和获捐的资金。
1. altruistic |ˌæltruˈɪstɪk|
adj. if your behaviour or motives are altruistic, you show concern for the happiness and welfare of other people rather than for yourself. 利他的；无私的
E.g.:His motives/reasons for helping the poor were not completely altruistic. [=he wanted to help himself in some way by helping the poor]
他帮助穷人的动机/理由并不完全是无私的。[=他想通过帮助穷人来帮助自己]
2. incentive |ɪnˈsentɪv|
noun. something that encourages you to do sth 激励；刺激；鼓励
E.g.: You get a big salary incentive and free board and lodging too.
你们能获得大笔激励性薪水，还可享受免费膳宿。
3. patron|ˈpeɪtrən|
noun.a person who gives money and support to artists and writers （艺术家的）赞助人，资助者
E.g.: Catherine the Great was a patron of the arts and sciences.
叶卡捷琳娜大帝资助发展艺术和科学。
4. plaque|plæk|
noun.a flat piece of stone, metal, etc., usually with a name and dates on, attached to a wall in memory of a person or an event （纪念性的）匾牌，匾额；纪念匾
E.g.: After touring the hospital, Her Majesty unveiled a commemorative plaque.
女王陛下巡视完这家医院后，为纪念匾揭了幕。
5. acknowledge|əkˈnɒlɪdʒ|
verb.to publicly express thanks for help you have been given （公开）感谢
E.g.: I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。
Part V
Student: But aren’t there a lot of people who don’t think it’s the government’s role to support the arts?
Professor: Well, as a matter of fact, a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do away with the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support. But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget. And as far as the public goes, well… there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree.
In fact, with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists oppose the government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create. In other words, the arguments both for and against government funding of the arts are as many and, and as varied as the individual styles of the artists who hold them.
换句话说，艺术家中支持和反对政府资助艺术的观点跟这些艺术家的个人风格一样多，而且各不相同。
1. away with
used to say that you would like to be rid of sb/sth 让（某人或事物）消失吧
E.g.: Away with all these rules and regulations!
让所有这些规章制度见鬼去吧！
2. as/so far as sth/sb goes
used to give facts or an opinion about a particular aspect of sth 就…而言
E.g.: I'm struggling with French this semester, but as far as math goes, my grades are very good.
这学期我法语学的挺差，但就数学而言，我的成绩很好。
3. in particular
special or specific 特殊的；专门的；具体的
E.g.: She directed the question at no one in particular.
她的问题并没有针对任何个人。
4. for|fə(r)|
prep.in support of sb/sth 支持；拥护
E.g.: Are you for or against the proposal?
你支持还是反对这个建议？
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
