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Unit5Nature'sTemper单元讲义
一、单元主题与内容总览
本单元围绕“Nature's Temper（自然的脾气）”展开，核心探讨自然灾害的影响、应对方法及防灾准备。内容涵盖三大模块：
1. 自然灾害认知：识别常见自然灾害（如地震、台风、海啸、野火等），学习用英语描述灾害发生时的场景（如强风、暴雨、巨浪）及人们的即时反应（如躲避、救援）；
2.灾害应对与准备：通过“蒂莉预警海啸”“台风中的应急措施” 等案例，学习灾害发生时的自
救方法（如躲避到安全区域、提前储备物资），了解防灾准备的重要性（如加固窗户、关注天气预报）；
3.实践任务：设计“连锁故事” 项目，引导学生分组创作关于自然灾害（如野火、暴风雪）的
故事，整合单元语法（过去进行时）和词汇，提升灾害场景的英语表达能力。
本单元旨在帮助学生掌握“描述自然灾害与应急反应” 的英语表达，树立防灾安全意识，同时巩固过去进行时的用法。
二、学习方法与建议
1.词汇记忆：“灾害+ 动作” 关联记忆将核心词汇与灾害场景的具体动作绑定（如“typhoon”
关联“close windows/store food”，“tsunami” 关联“warn/run to high ground”，“earthquake”关联“hide under the table”），结合单元例句仿写，如：“When the earthquake started,I was hidingunderthedesk.”
2.语法练习：“场景+ 时态搭配” 巩固针对过去进行时，围绕“不同灾害场景” 造句，重点练
习“when/while” 的搭配（如“台风中：I was walkinghome when therain started. Whileitwas raining, I met a friend.”）；可制作“灾害时态表”，标注“持续动作（过去进行时）” 与“短暂动作（一般过去时）”,强化用法。
3. 口语表达：模拟“灾害采访”参考课本1d、2d的对话模板，和同学分别扮演“记者”与“灾害经历者”，用“Whatwereyoudoingwhen...?”“Howdidyoufeel?” 的流程练习，如：Reporter: What were youdoing when thetyphoonhit?Experiencer:Iwascooking withmy
mom. We quickly turned off the gas andhidin thelivingroom.Reporter:Did youmake anypreparationsbefore?Experiencer: Yes, webought some water and snacks the daybefore.
4. 阅读拓展：积累“防灾知识” 表达阅读单元B 部分“蒂莉预警海啸” 故事时，摘抄防灾相
关短语（如“tsunami warning”“make preparations”“stay calm”），整理成“防灾手册” 笔记，为写作和实践任务做准备。
三、考点解析
（一）核心单词
1.earthquake /'ɜ:θkweɪk/n.地震
搭配：hit an earthquake 遭遇地震；survive an earthquake 从地震中幸存
例句：Kate was doinghomework when the earthquake started.
2.typhoon /taɪ'fu:n/n. 台风
搭配：typhoonhit 台风登陆；prepare for a typhoon 为台风做准备
例句：The typhoonbrought strong winds andheavyrain to the coast.
3.tsunami /tsu:'nɑ:mi/n.海啸
搭配：tsunami warning海啸预警；tsunami sweep through 海啸席卷
例句：TillySmith warnedpeople about the coming tsunami and savedmanylives.
4.flood /flʌd/n.洪水；v.淹没
搭配：flood water 洪水；flood the streets 淹没街道
例句：Heavyrain caused floods in the town, andmanypeoplehadtoleave theirhomes.
5.wildfire /'waɪldfaɪə(r)/n.野火
搭配：put out a wildfire 扑灭野火；wildfire spread 野火蔓延
例句：Firefighters worked day andnight toput out the wildfirein the forest.
6.warn /wɔ:n/v.警告；提醒
搭配：warn sb of sth 警告某人某事；warn sb to dosth 提醒某人做某事
例句：Theneighbour warned Xinyi of the coming flood in time.
7.preparation /ˌprepə'reɪʃn/n.准备（工作）
搭配：make preparations 做准备；preparations for disasters 防灾准备
例句：Haitao’s familymadepreparationsbefore the typhoon, so theirhouse was safe.
8.rescue /'reskju:/v. & n. 救援；营救
搭配：rescuepeople 营救人们；carry out arescue 实施救援
例句：Volunteersjoined therescue tohelppeople trappedin the flood.
9.safeguard /'seɪfɡɑ:d/v.保护；捍卫；n.安全设施
搭配：safeguardpeople from disasters 保护人们免受灾害；safety safeguards 安全设施
例句：The citybuilt walls to safeguardbuildings from floodwater.
10. refuse /rɪ'fju:z/v.拒绝
搭配：refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事；refusehelp 拒绝帮助
例句：Tillyrefused to walk further when shenoticed the signs of atsunami.
11.floodwater /'flʌdwɔ:tə(r)/n.洪水
搭配：floodwaterrise洪水上涨；floodwaterreach洪水蔓延到
例句：After the typhoon, floodwaternearlyreached the first floor of thehouse.
12. landslide /'lændslaɪd/n.滑坡；塌方
搭配：landslideblock theroad 滑坡阻断道路；avoidlandslide areas 避开滑坡区域
例句：Alandslide along theroadmade thebuslate for school.
13. alarm /ə'lɑ:m/n. 警报（器）；v.使警觉
搭配：alarm clock 闹钟；fire alarm 火警警报；alarm go off 警报响起
例句：MaLi’s alarm clock didn’t gooff,soshewokeuplate.
14. sudden /'sʌdn/adj. 突然的
搭配：sudden earthquake 突发地震；all of a sudden 突然
例句：All of a sudden, the windbecame stronger andtheskyturneddark.
15. rescue /'reskju:/n.救援
搭配：rescue team 救援队；rescue work 救援工作
例句：Therescue team arrived quickly tohelppeople after the typhoon.
（二）重点短语
1.go off（警报器、闹钟等）突然响起
例句：MaLi’s alarm clock didn’t gooff,soshemissed theearlybus.
2.all of a sudden突然；猛地
例句：All of a sudden, thunderrolled anditstartedtopour.
3.makepreparations做准备
搭配：make preparations for 为…… 做准备
例句：We shouldmakepreparations fornatural disasters,like storing food and water.
4.warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
例句：The weatherreport warnedpeople of the coming typhoon.
5.sweep through 席卷；横扫
例句：The tsunami swept through the coastal village and destroyedmanyhouses.
6. put out 扑灭；熄灭
搭配：put outa fire 灭火
例句：Firefighters workedhard toput out the wildfirein themountains.
7. by the time 到……的时候
例句：By the timeMaLireached the classroom, the teacherhad already arrived.
8.out of breath 上气不接下气
例句：MaLiran to the classroom out of breathbecauseshe waslate.
9.as aresult因此；结果
例句：Manystudents werelatedue to therainstorm. Asaresult,theteachercancelledthe
test.
10. go wrong 出现问题；发生故障
例句：MaLi’s day went wrong from the start—her alarm didn’tringandshemissed thebus.
（三）重点句子
1.What were you doing when the typhoon hit? I was reading with my children.（台风登陆时你在做什么？我正在和孩子们读书。）
解析：此句用“过去进行时（was/were+ doing）+ when+ 一般过去时” 结构，描述“过去某一短暂动作（台风登陆）发生时，另一持续动作（读书）正在进行”，是单元核心语法用法，高频用于描述灾害发生时的场景。仿写：—What were you doing when the earthquake started?
—I washaving dinner withmy family.
2.While we were driving home, the strong winds started.（我们正开车回家时，强风开始了。）
解析：“while” 引导时间状语从句，后接过去进行时，表“两个持续动作同时发生”；主句用一般过去时，表“较短动作突然发生”，单元3a 对话中用于描述台风中的突发情况。仿写：WhileI was waiting for thebus,it started torainheavily.
3.Thankstoherknowledgeandquickthinking,oneschoolgirlwasabletosaveover
100 lives.（多亏了她的知识和快速反应，一个女学生拯救了100 多人的生命。）
解析：“thanks to”表“多亏；由于”，后接名词短语，用于说明灾害中成功救援的原因；“be ableto”表“能够”，强调通过努力实现的结果，单元B 部分用于赞扬蒂莉的行为。仿写：Thanks totheneighbours’help, wemoved our things to safetybefore the flood came.
4. It wasraininghard while we weredrivingback,and wealmostgotintoanaccident.
（我们开车返回时雨下得很大，我们差点出车祸。）
解析：“it wasraininghard” 描述灾害中的天气状况，“while” 引导从句表持续动作，“almostgot into an accident” 表突发危险，整体用于还原灾害中的紧张场景，单元3a 对话中高频出现。仿写：It was snowingheavily while we were walkinghome, and we couldhardlysee theroad.
（四）重点语法：过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）
本单元核心语法为过去进行时，主要用于描述“过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作”，尤其适用于自然灾害场景中“持续动作与突发动作的搭配”。
1. 构成
. 肯定式：主语+ was/were+ 动词-ing
. 单数主语（I/he/she/it）用was，复数主语（we/you/they）用were
. 例句：She was doing homework when the earthquake hit.（地震发生时，她正在写作业。）
. 否定式：主语+ was/werenot+ 动词-ing（缩写：wasn’t/weren’t）
. 例句：They weren’t watching TV—they were preparing for the typhoon.（他们没在看电视，他们正在为台风做准备。）
. 疑问式：Was/Were+ 主语+ 动词-ing？
.例句：—Were you sleeping when the alarm went off？（闹钟响时你在睡觉吗？）—Yes, I was.（是的，我在睡。）
2. 核心用法
（1）描述“过去某一时刻正在进行的动作”
常与“at 8 o’clocklastnight”“this time yesterday” 或“when+一般过去时句子”连用，强调“动作在特定时间点持续”。
. 例句：At 7p.m. yesterday, we werehaving dinner when the typhoonstarted.（昨天晚上7点，我们正在吃晚饭，这时台风开始了。）
（2）描述“过去某段时间持续进行的动作”
常与“while”“during” 等词连用，或用“from...to...” 明确时间段。
. 例句：While the typhoon was blowing, people were staying inside theirhouses.（台风刮着的时候，人们都待在屋里。）
语法易错点：
. 过去进行时不能与“yesterday”“last week” 等笼统的过去时间状语连用，需搭配“特定时刻”（如“yesterday afternoonat3”）；
. “when” 引导的从句动作短暂（如ring/hit/start），“while” 引导的从句动作持续（如cook/read/walk），不可混淆。
（五）作文指导
写作主题：A TerribleNaturalDisasterIExperienced（我经历过的一次可怕自然灾害）
写作要求：
1.描述一次你经历过的自然灾害（如台风、暴雨、地震），明确灾害类型、发生时间及场景；
2.详细说明灾害发生时你的动作、感受及应对方法；
3. 字数不少于80 词，正确使用过去进行时（was/were+ doing）和单元核心词汇（如typhoon、prepare、warn 等）。
写作结构：
开头段：引入灾害背景模板：Last[季节/ 月份],Iexperiencedaterrible[自然灾害，如
“typhoon”“rainstorm”]inmyhometown.Itstarted[时间，如“onaSaturdaymorning”]whenI[正在做的动作，用过去进行时，如“was watching TV withmy family”].
中间段：描述灾害过程与应对模板：At first, we didn’t takeitseriously.But soon, the[灾害特征，如“windbecamestronger”“rainpouredheavily”].Mydad[动作1，如“quicklyclosedallthewindows”]whilemymom[动作2，如“putourbooksandclothesonthe table”]—weweremakingpreparationstokeepsafe. Whenthe[灾害高峰，如“strongest windhit”],I[感受与动作，如“felt scared andhidunder the table”].Luckily,[幸运情况，如“ourneighbour warnedus in time”“wehad stored enough food”].
结尾段：总结感受与收获模板：After the disaster, the streets were in amess, but we were allsafe.Thisexperiencetaughtmethat[收获，如“weshouldalwayspreparefornaturaldisasters”“it’simportant tostaycalm whendangercomes”].I willnever forget thisterriblebutmeaningful experience.
四、过关检测
（一）单项选择（10题）
()1. —What __________ you __________ when the earthquake started?
—I was doing homework in my room.
A. do; do B. were; doingC.did;doD.are;doing
() 2. While Tom __________ TV, his mom was preparingfor thecoming typhoon.
A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. is watching
()3. The tsunami __________ the coastal village last year, but many people weresaved becauseofTilly’swarning.
A. hit B. hits C. is hittingD. willhit
() 4. We __________ for the math test when the heavy rainstarted.
A. review B. reviewed C. are reviewing D. were reviewing
() 5. —__________ your dad __________ the windows when the typhooncame?
—Yes, he was. He wanted to keep the rain out.
A. Was; closing B. Did; close C.Is;closing D.Does;close
() 6. All ofa sudden,the wind __________stronger,andwe hadtostopwalking.
A. become B. became C. was becoming D. will become
() 7. Thanks to the weather report, we __________for thetyphoonbeforeit hit.
A. prepare B. prepared C. are preparing D. were preparing
()8. My alarm clock __________ go offthis morning,so Iwoke upanhourlate.
A. didn’t B. wasn’t C.doesn’t D.isn’t
() 9. While my sister __________ to music, Iwas makingalistofemergencysupplies.
A. listens B. listened C. was listeningD.islistening
()10. The firemen __________ the wildfire when we arrivedat theforest.
A. put out B. were putting out C. will put out D. puttedout
（二）完形填空（10题）
Last summer, a terrible typhoonhitmy city.I stillremembereverydetailof thatday.
It was aSaturdaymorning.I1 __________myhomeworkinmyroom whilemyparents werecleaningthehouse.Suddenly,theskyturneddark,andthewindstartedtoblow.Atfirst,we thought it wasjust anormal rainstorm, so we didn’t takeitseriously.Butsoon, the windbecame 2 __________ stronger, and therainpoured downheavily.
Mydadrealizedit was a typhoon.He3 __________ tocloseallthe windowsquickly,andmymomtoldmetoputourbooksandclothesonthetable—wewereafraidthefloodwaterwouldcomein.Whilemydad4__________thewindows,abigtreeinouryardfelldownwith aloudnoise.I felt scared and5 __________ tomyparents’room.
Thetyphoonlastedforaboutthreehours.Duringthat time,westayedinthelivingroomandlistenedtotheweatherreport.Wehadstoredsomefoodandwaterbefore,sowe didn’t go hungry. When the typhoon finally stopped, we went outside and found thestreetwas in amess—many trees 6 __________ down,andsomesigns werebroken.
Thisexperiencetaughtmethatweshouldalways7__________fornaturaldisasters.Weshouldlistentotheweatherreportandstoreemergencysupplies.Mostimportantly,we need to stay 8 __________ when dangercomes.
Afewdayslater,ourneighborhoodorganizedaclean-up.MyfamilyandI joinedin.Wehelpedpickupbrokenbranchesandcleartheroads.Manyneighborsalsobrought water
andsnackstoshare.Itwashardwork,9__________wefelthappytohelpeachother.I
noticed that even a terrible disastercouldbringpeople closer.
Now, whenever there’sa weather warning,my familyandItakeitseriously.Wecheckouremergencysuppliesandmakesurethewindowsareclosed.Thistyphoontaughtmeavaluablelesson:beingpreparedandstayingcalmcanhelpusstaysafein10__________situations.
()1. A. doB. didC.wasdoingD.amdoing
()2. A.muchB.more C. veryD.so
()3. A.runB.ran C. wasrunningD.runs
() 4. A. closesB.closedC.wasclosingD.isclosing
()5. A.rushB.rushed C. wasrushingD.rushes
()6. A. fallB. fell C.werefallingD.arefalling
()7. A.prepareB.prepares C.preparedD.preparing
()8. A. excitedB. scaredC.calmD. worried
()9. A. AndB.ButC.SoD.Or
()10. A. dangerousB.important C.difficultD. easy
（三）语法填空
Last weekend, my family experienced a small earthquake.I1 _________（watch）amovie withmy sister when the room started to shake. At first, we didn’t know what washappening.Mymom 2 _________（cook）in thekitchen, and she 3 _________（run）out quicklytocheckonus.
While we 4 _________（wait）for my dad to come home, the shaking stopped.My dadcalledand told us he 5 _________（drive）back when the earthquake started.He saidhe6 _________（feel）safebecausehe wasin an open area.
Aftertheearthquake,wetalkedaboutwhattodoifithappenedagain.Wedecidedtoprepareanemergencybagwithfood,waterandaflashlight.Thisexperiencemademerealize that it’simportant toknowhow to stay safeduringnaturaldisasters.
（四）作文
写作任务：
以“A TerribleNaturalDisasterIExperienced” 为题，写一篇短文，描述你经历过的一次自然灾害（如台风、暴雨），包含“灾害背景— 过程与应对— 感受收获”，字数80-100 词，需使用过去进行时和单元核心词汇（如typhoon、prepare、warn 等）。
（五）答案和解析
（一）单项选择
()1.B（过去进行时，“地震发生时你在做什么”，用“were+ doing”，选B）
()2. C（while 引导从句，动作持续，用过去进行时“was watching”，选C）
()3. A（一般过去时，“去年海啸袭击村庄”，过去时间用过去式，选A）
() 4.D（过去进行时，“暴雨开始时我们正在复习”，用“werereviewing”，选D）
()5. A（过去进行时的一般疑问句，“台风来时你爸爸在关窗户吗”，用“Was+ closing”，选A）
()6.B（一般过去时，“风突然变强”，短暂动作用过去式，选B）
()7.B（一般过去时，“台风前我们做了准备”，过去时间用过去式，选B）
()8. A（一般过去时否定式，“闹钟没响”，实义动词用“didn’t+ 原形”，选A）
()9. C（while 引导从句，“妹妹听音乐时我在列清单”，用过去进行时“waslistening”，选C）
()10.B（过去进行时，“我们到达时消防员正在灭火”，用“wereputting out”，选B）
（二）完形填空
1.C（过去进行时，与“whilemy parents were cleaning” 时态一致，表“台风发生时正在写作业”，符合单元“过去进行时描述过去持续动作” 的语法重点）。
2.A（much 修饰比较级“stronger”，表“风变得强得多”，符合单元中“用much 修饰比较级描述灾害强度变化” 的表达，如“the windbecamemuch stronger”）。
3.B（一般过去时，“爸爸跑去关窗户” 是过去短暂动作，与后文“mom told me” 时态一致，符合单元“描述灾害中突发动作” 的语境）。
4.C（过去进行时，“while” 引导从句表持续动作，“爸爸正在关窗户时树倒了”，符合单元“while+过去进行时描述同时发生的持续动作” 的用法）。
5.B（一般过去时，“我害怕并冲向父母房间” 是过去短暂动作，与“felt scared” 时态一致，体现灾害中的紧张反应）。
6.B（一般过去时，“树倒了” 是台风后的结果，用过去式“fell”，符合单元“描述灾害造成的过去结果” 的逻辑）。
7.A（prepare 动词原形，“should” 后接原形，“为自然灾害做准备”，呼应单元“防灾准备” 的主题，如“makepreparations for disasters”）。
8.C（calm 意为“冷静的”，单元中强调“灾害中保持冷静” 的重要性，如“stay calm whendanger comes”，符合防灾常识）。
9.B（But表转折，“工作辛苦但开心”，体现灾害后邻里互助的积极氛围，符合单元“灾害中人性温暖” 的隐含主题）。
10.A（dangerous 意为“危险的”，“在危险情况下保持安全”，呼应单元“自然灾害场景下的安全防护”核心内容）。
（三）语法填空
1.was watching（过去进行时，“地震时我正在看电影”，用“was watching”）
2.was cooking（过去进行时，“妈妈正在做饭”，单数主语用“was cooking”）
3. ran（一般过去时，“妈妈跑出来”，短暂动作用过去式“ran”）
4.were waiting（过去进行时，“我们正在等爸爸”，复数主语用“were waiting”）
5.was driving（过去进行时，“爸爸正在开车”，用“was driving”）
6.felt（一般过去时，“他感觉安全”，过去时间用过去式“felt”）
（四）范文：
A
TerribleNaturalDisasterIExperienced
Lastsummer,Iexperiencedaterribletyphooninmyhometown.ItstartedonaSundaymorning whenI wasreading abookinmyroom.
Atfirst,thewindwasgentle,butsoonitbecamemuchstronger.Mymomwascookingwhenshenoticedthedarksky—sheshoutedtotellusitwasatyphoon.Mydadquicklyclosedall the windows,andIhelpedputourshoesandbookson theshelf toavoidflooddamage.Whilewewere preparing,atree in ouryardfelldown. Ifelt scared, but myparents toldme to staycalm.
After the typhoon, the street wasmessy,but we were all safe. This experience taughtme toprepare fornatural disasters and stay calmwhenindanger.
篇幅有限，仅展示以上内容。
（资料来源于网络，仅供老师交流学习）
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