#新概念英语第一册#第57课

#第58课#一般现在时

#现在进行时#日常作息

#时间表达#介词at/in/on

#英国家庭#日常对话

🎯 本课学习目标

词汇：

掌握与日常作息、时间点、活动相关的核心名词和动词，如 o'clock, shop, moment, tonight 等。理解并运用时间介词 at, in, on 的基本区别。积累描述一天不同时段和活动的词汇。

语法：

熟练掌握用一般现在时（特别是第三人称单数）描述习惯性动作和日常作息。巩固时间表达法，特别是整点、at + 时间点的结构。理解并初步运用 in the morning/afternoon/evening, at noon/night 等固定搭配。

技能（日常对话）：

能够用英语询问和告知时间。能够用英语简单描述自己或他人一天的习惯性活动。能够在类似“商店购物”的日常场景中进行基础对话。

文化：

了解英语国家中描述日常作息的常用句式和时间观念的表达。初步接触不同时间段（如 noon, night）在英语语境中的使用场景。

📖 第一部分：课文完整内容

第57课 An unusual day

第58课 What's the time?

🔍 第二部分：逐句精讲与词块总结

💬 第三部分：基础会话技巧

1. 分析课文中的日常用语、礼貌表达、问答模式
- 日常用语：课文展示了描述个人或家庭日常作息的典型句式，如“...usually... but today...” 这种对比结构非常实用。时间短语 in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night, at the moment, this morning 等是组织日常对话的骨架。
- 礼貌表达：本课对话属于家庭成员间或简单服务场景的直叙，没有特别复杂的礼貌用语。但在询问时间 What's the time? 时，在非亲密关系间，更礼貌的说法可以是 Could you tell me the time, please? 或 Do you have the time?。
- 问答模式：第57课是“描述+对比”模式，第58课是纯粹的“问答”模式。前者用于分享信息、讲述日常，后者用于获取具体信息（时间）。两种模式都是口语基础。

2. 提供类似场景的扩展对话示例
场景：两个同学在课间谈论他们的周末习惯。
A:Hi, Tom. What do you usually do on Saturday mornings?
B:I usually play basketball with my friends. But this Saturday morning, I'm going to the library to study for a test.
A:Oh, I see. What about in the afternoon?
B:In the afternoon, I usually watch movies at home. But this afternoon, my family is visiting my grandparents.
A:And in the evening?
B:I usually play video games online. But tonight, I'm not playing. I'm going to bed early because I'm tired.
A: Sounds like a busy but different Saturday for you!

3. 设计简单的角色扮演活动建议
- 活动1：我的不寻常一天：学生两人一组。学生A用一般现在时描述自己周末某一天通常做什么（至少3个时间点）。学生B记录。然后，学生A再描述一个“不寻常”的版本，使用“usually... but today...”句型。学生B需找出其中的变化。然后角色互换。
- 活动2：时间侦探：老师准备一些写有不同整点时间（如 3:00, 7:00, 10:00）的卡片。一个学生扮演“侦探”，用 What's the time? 询问其他同学。被问到的同学随机抽取一张卡片并回答 It's ... o'clock.。侦探需要记下不同同学“声称”的时间，最后看谁能复述出最多正确的时间。
- 活动3：作息调查：学生用英文采访一位同伴，了解他/她 in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night 通常做什么，并记录下来，然后向全班做简单汇报。

4. 融入基础思考：设计1-2个简单的代入式问题
- 问题1： 索耶先生今晚不看报纸而看电视，你觉得可能是什么原因？（比如有他喜欢的球赛直播、特别的电视节目，或者他只是想放松一下？）这反映了人们休闲方式的选择。
- 问题2： 如果第58课中的店员一直问时间，顾客一直回答，你觉得这个场景可能发生在哪里？为什么店员需要反复确认时间？（可能是在等待换班、等待商店关门、或者顾客在等一件需要定时取走的物品？）这引导思考对话发生的合理语境。

📐 第四部分：本课语法精析（加强版）

本课语法核心聚焦于 一般现在时 与 现在进行时 的对比使用，以及 时间表达法。以下解析综合自知识库相关文档。

1. 一般现在时 (The Simple Present Tense) [名师精讲]、[语法新思维]、[NCE知识点笔记]
一般现在时是本课描述习惯性动作 (usually) 的时态。
- 功能：① 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day 等频度副词或时间状语连用。例句：The children go to school by car every day. ② 表示客观事实、普遍真理。例句：The sun rises in the east.
- 第三人称单数形式：当主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it, 单个人名或单数名词）时，谓语动词需加 -s 或 -es。这是本课语法重点之一。
- 规则：1. 大多数动词直接加 -s: stay → stays, drink → drinks, read → reads 2. 以 -ch, -sh, -s, -x, -o 结尾的动词加 -es: watch → watches, wash → washes, go → goes, do → does 3. 以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加 -es: study → studies, fly → flies (但 play → plays，因为 y 前是元音)
- 例句：Mrs. Sawyer drinks tea in the living room. He watches TV every night. She studies English.
- 否定句与疑问句：借助助动词 do (第三人称单数用 does)。- 否定句：主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形。例句：They do not (don't) go to school on Sunday. He does not (doesn't) like coffee. - 疑问句：Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形？例句：Do you speak English? Does she live here?

2. 现在进行时 (The Present Continuous Tense) [名师精讲]、[语法新思维]、[NCE知识点笔记]
现在进行时是本课描述当前或特定时间正在发生动作 (today/this morning/at the moment) 的时态。
- 功能：① 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。例句：They are walking to school at the moment. ② 表示当前一段时间内的活动或近期计划（尤其是与 today, this week 等连用时）。例句：She is going to the shops this morning. (计划中的动作)
- 构成：am/is/are + 动词的现在分词 (V-ing)。
- 现在分词构成规则：1. 大多数动词直接加 -ing: go → going, play → playing, read → reading 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加 -ing: come → coming, write → writing (但 be → being) 3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母再加 -ing: run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting 4. 以 -ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing: lie → lying, die → dying
- 否定句与疑问句：- 否定句：在 be 动词后加 not。例句：They are not (aren't) doing homework. I'm not watching TV. - 疑问句：将 be 动词提至句首。例句：Are you listening? Is she coming?

3. 一般现在时 vs. 现在进行时 对比分析 [NCE知识点笔记]、[语法新思维]
本课完美展示了这两种时态的核心区别：
-一般现在时：用于习惯、常态、真理。动作具有重复性和长期性。例句：I usually read the newspaper at night.(这是我每晚的习惯)
-现在进行时：用于此刻、当前、临时安排。动作具有暂时性和进行性。例句：But I'm not reading it tonight. I'm watching television.(这是今晚临时的、正在发生的改变)
-对比例句：1.He works in a bank.(他的职业，长期状态) vs.He is working on a report at the moment.(他此刻正在做的具体事) 2.The sun sets in the west.(客观事实) vs.Look! The sun is setting. It's beautiful!(正在发生的景象) 3.She speaks good English.(她的能力) vs.She is speaking to a foreigner now. (她正在进行的动作)

4. 时间表达法 (Time Expressions) [NCE知识点笔记]、[手绘版语法笔记]
- 整点时间：It's + 数字 + o'clock. 例句：It's three o'clock.
- 一天中的时段：使用固定介词短语。- in the morning/afternoon/evening：在早上/下午/晚上。- at noon：在中午。at night：在夜里。- 注意：night 前用 at，而 morning/afternoon/evening 前用 in，这是固定搭配，需记忆。
- 具体某天的时段：this morning/afternoon/evening, tonight。这些词前不加介词。
- “此刻”：now, right now, at the moment。
- 介词 at 用于具体时间点：at eight o'clock, at noon, at night, at the moment。

5. 介词 at, in, on 在时间表达中的基本区别 [手绘版语法笔记]、[同步语法强化]
这是中国学习者早期易混淆的点，本课提供了典型例子。
- at：用于具体的 时刻、钟点。例句：at eight o'clock, at noon, at night, at the moment.
- in：用于较长的 时间段，如世纪、年、月、季节、一天中的部分。例句：in 2024, in July, in summer, in the morning.
- on：用于特定的 某一天 或某一天的上午/下午/晚上。例句：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning.
- 本课应用：in the morning (时间段) vs. at night (视为一个时间点) vs. this morning (不加介词)。

练习题 (不少于10道)
1. 用动词的正确形式填空（一般现在时或现在进行时）：
a) She usually ______ (drink) coffee, but today she ______ (drink) tea.
b) They ______ (play) football in the park every Saturday.
c) Listen! The birds ______ (sing).
d) He ______ (not/like) watching horror movies.
e) ______ you ______ (do) your homework now?
f) My father ______ (read) the newspaper at breakfast.
g) Be quiet! The baby ______ (sleep).
h) Water ______ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
i) I ______ (not/go) to the cinema tonight. I'm tired.
j) What ______ your brother ______ (do)? He's a teacher.
2. 选择正确的介词 (at, in, on, 或不填)：
a) I get up ______ seven o'clock.
b) We often go swimming ______ summer.
c) See you ______ Monday morning.
d) He's not here ______ the moment.
e) I'll call you ______ this evening.
f) The shop closes ______ night.
g) She was born ______ 2010.
h) What do you usually do ______ the weekend?
3. 将下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句：
a) Tom watches TV every night.
b) The children are playing in the garden.
c) She goes to work by bus.
4. 根据提示回答问题：
Q: What's the time? (提示：9:00)
A: _________________________________________.

练习题参考答案
1. a) drinks, is drinking b) play c) are singing d) does not like / doesn't like e) Are, doing f) reads g) is sleeping h) boils i) am not going j) does, do
2. a) at b) in c) on d) at e) (不填) f) at g) in h) at / on (英式常用at，美式常用on)
3. a) 否定：Tom does not (doesn't) watch TV every night. 疑问：Does Tom watch TV every night? b) 否定：The children are not (aren't) playing in the garden. 疑问：Are the children playing in the garden? c) 否定：She does not (doesn't) go to work by bus. 疑问：Does she go to work by bus?
4. A: It's nine o'clock.

✏️ 第五部分：基础练习与活动

1. 跟读练习：播放第57、58课录音，学生逐句跟读，特别注意 usually 和 today/this morning 的对比重音，以及 What's the time? 的升调和 It's ... o'clock. 的降调。重点练习连读：It's eight, they're walking, I'm watching。

2. 角色扮演：- 活动：家庭记者 学生三人一组，分别扮演记者、父亲/母亲、孩子。记者采访家庭成员关于他们“通常”的一天和“今天”的安排。使用本课核心句型。- 活动：时钟问答 一个学生用手臂模仿时钟指针（如双臂上举表示12点），其他学生快速用英文说出时间。或者，老师出示钟面图片，学生快速问答。

3. 简单替换练习：- 替换主语：He/She/My brother usually... but today... - 替换活动：watch TV, listen to music, cook dinner, play games... - 替换时间状语：on Sunday, in the summer, every weekend... - 替换交通方式：by bike, by bus, on foot, by subway...

4. 听力理解题目：（基于课文录音或类似内容）听一段关于Bob的日常描述，判断正误(T/F)。1. Bob usually gets up at 7 o'clock. ( ) 2. He goes to work by bus every day. ( ) 3. This morning, he is driving to work. ( ) 4. In the evening, he usually reads a book. ( ) 5. Tonight, he is going to the cinema. ( ) (假设录音内容：Bob usually gets up at 7. He goes to work by train. But this morning, his train is cancelled, so he is driving. In the evening, he usually watches TV. But tonight, he is meeting friends.) 答案： 1.T 2.F (by train) 3.T 4.F (watches TV) 5.F (meeting friends)

5. 课文改写版本（词汇更简单）：
第57课简化版：
It is 8 am. The kids go to school in a car every day. But today, they walk.
It is 10 am. Mrs. Sawyer is at home in the morning. But this morning, she goes to the store.
It is 4 pm. She drinks tea in the house in the afternoon. But this afternoon, she drinks tea outside.
It is 6 pm. The kids do school work in the evening. But this evening, they play outside.
At night, Mr. Sawyer reads the paper. But tonight, he does not read. He looks at TV.

6. 附参考答案：以上练习答案已整合在各部分之后。

🤔 第六部分：英文深度思考与拓展（强化版）

A. 层次化英文问题与答案
① Level 1 (Factual): 事实性问题
1.Q:How do the Sawyer children usually go to school?A:They usually go to school by car.
2.Q:What does Mrs. Sawyer usually do in the afternoon?A:She usually drinks tea in the living room in the afternoon.
3.Q:What is Mr. Sawyer doing tonight instead of reading the newspaper?A:He is watching television tonight.
4.Q:What question is repeated many times in Lesson 58?A:The question “What's the time?” is repeated many times.
② Level 2 (Inferential): 推理性问题
1.Q:Why might today be an “unusual day” for the Sawyer family? Give one possible reason based on the text.A:Today might be unusual because the children are walking to school instead of going by car. Perhaps the car is broken, or they want to get some exercise.
2.Q:How do you think Mrs. Sawyer feels about drinking tea in the garden this afternoon? Why?A:She probably feels relaxed and happy. Drinking tea in the garden on a nice afternoon is often more enjoyable than being inside the living room.
3.Q:In Lesson 58, if the shop assistant keeps asking the time from 1 o'clock to 12 o'clock, what might he be doing or waiting for?A:He might be waiting for his shift to end at 12 o'clock, or he might be timing something that happens every hour.
4.Q:What can you infer about the weather on this “unusual day” from the text?A:The weather is probably nice and sunny because Mrs. Sawyer is drinking tea in the garden, and the children are playing in the garden in the evening.
③ Level 3 (Evaluative/Creative): 评价/创造性问题
1.Q:Do you think having an “unusual day” is good or bad? Explain your opinion using an example from your own life or imagination.A:I think having an unusual day can be very good. It breaks the routine and makes life more interesting. For example, if I usually study at home on Saturday but one Saturday I go hiking with friends, I feel refreshed and happy.
2.Q:Imagine you are one of the Sawyer children. How would you feel about walking to school instead of going by car? What might you see or talk about on the way?A:If I were a Sawyer child, I might feel excited at first because walking is different. I could see birds, trees, and neighbors on the way. My brother and I could talk about our plans for the day or play word games while walking.
3.Q:In modern life, people often use phones to check the time. In what situations do you think asking someone “What's the time?” is still very useful or polite?A:Asking for the time is still useful when your phone is out of battery, when you are in a conversation and don't want to rudely check your phone, or when you are asking an older person who might enjoy the interaction. It can be a polite way to start a simple conversation with a stranger in a waiting room.
4.Q:Create a short dialogue for “An unusual evening” for your family. Use the “usually... but tonight...” pattern for at least two family members.A:Me:In the evening, my dad usually works on his computer. But tonight, he's not working. He's playing chess with my grandpa online.My sister:And my mom usually reads in her room. But tonight, she's not reading. She's baking cookies for us.Me: I usually do my homework after dinner. But tonight, I'm helping my mom and waiting for those cookies!

B. 多类型拓展阅读
1. 现代场景故事 (Modern Scenario)
Title: A Digital Detox Day
The Miller family is known for being glued to their screens. Mr. Miller usually checks emails on his tablet the moment he wakes up. Mrs. Miller scrolls through social media during breakfast. Teenage son, Leo, always has headphones on, and little Mia watches cartoons on a tablet.
But this Saturday is different. It's their “Digital Detox Day.” At 9 o'clock, Mr. Miller is not checking emails; he's making pancakes. Mrs. Miller is not scrolling; she's setting the table. Leo is not listening to music; he's teaching Mia how to draw. At 2 o'clock, they are not in their separate rooms; they are all playing board games in the living room. In the evening, they are not watching Netflix; they are telling stories under the stars in their backyard. It's an unusual day, but their faces are full of real smiles.
引导性问题：What is the main rule of the Millers' “Digital Detox Day”?

2. 文化背景小知识 (Cultural Background)
Title: “Afternoon Tea” vs. “High Tea”
In the story, Mrs. Sawyer “drinks tea in the living room.” This sounds like a simple British habit. But there's more to tea culture in the UK! The custom of afternoon tea started among the wealthy in the 1840s. It was a light meal of tea, sandwiches, scones, and cakes taken around 4 pm, between lunch and a late dinner. People had it in sitting rooms, like Mrs. Sawyer.
“High tea,” however, is different. It originated with the working class. After a long day's work around 5 or 6 pm, they needed a substantial meal to “fill them up.” This “high tea” included heavier dishes like meat pies, baked beans, and bread, along with tea, and was eaten at the high (main) dining table, not on low lounge chairs. So, what Mrs. Sawyer is doing is more like a simple version of afternoon tea, a relaxing break in the day.
引导性问题：What was the main difference between the people who had “afternoon tea” and “high tea” in history?

3. 今昔对比 (Then and Now)
Title: Telling Time: From Sundials to Smartphones
In Lesson 58, someone keeps asking, “What's the time?” Long ago, people told time very differently. They used the sun's shadow (sundials), the flow of sand (hourglasses), or the burning of marked candles.
Then came mechanical clocks and pocket watches. Asking someone for the time was very common because not everyone owned a watch. Public clocks on towers were important landmarks.
Today, time is everywhere—on our phones, computers, microwaves, and even smartwatches. We rarely need to ask strangers. But the phrase “What's the time?” is still learned by every English student, connecting us to a time when this simple question was a part of daily social interaction. The next time you glance at your phone for the time, think about the long history behind knowing “what o'clock it is.”
引导性问题：According to the text, why was asking for the time more common in the past than it is today?

4. 新潮英语改写 (Trendy Rewrite)
Title: The Sway Fam's Weird Wednesday (Text Message Style)
Group Chat: “Fam”
Mom:8 AM. Kids usually roll out in the car for school. Today? They're literally walking. #healthykids #oristhecarbroken?
Dad:LOL. Atm, they're trekking to school. Pic attached.
Mom:10 AM. I'm usually chillin' at home. But this morning? Gotta hit the shops. #errandday
Dad:4 PM. Mom's usually having her tea in the lounge. Today's vibe? Tea in the garden! #sunshine
Mom:6 PM. Kids are usually buried in homework. Tonight? Nope. They're gaming in the garden. #playtime
Dad:And yeah, I usually read the news at night. But tonight? I'm binge-watching my show. #guiltypleasure #unusualday
引导性问题：How does the text message style make the story feel different?

5. 难度略高的拓展阅读 (Slightly Higher Difficulty)
Title: The Psychology of Routine and Novelty
Human brains love routines. They save energy. The Sawyer family's “usual” activities—going to school by car, drinking tea in the living room—are their brain's autopilot mode. It's efficient and comfortable.
But brains also crave novelty. Novelty stimulates learning and releases dopamine, the “feel-good” chemical. The “unusual day”—walking to school, tea in the garden, playing outside, watching TV instead of reading—breaks the routine. This might feel strange at first, but it can make the day more memorable and enjoyable.
Psychologists say mixing routine with occasional novelty is key to a happy life. Routine provides stability and reduces anxiety. Novelty provides excitement and prevents boredom. The Sawyer family is accidentally doing a perfect psychology experiment at home! Their unusual day might end up being a highlight of their week.
引导性问题：What are the two main benefits that novelty brings to our brains and lives, according to the text?

🌍 第七部分：日常应用延伸

1. 提供本课语言点在日常生活中的应用场景
- 描述日程：向朋友或同事介绍你典型的工作日或周末。“I usually get up at 7, check emails first, then...”
- 解释变化：当你的计划临时改变时。“I usually work from home on Fridays, but this Friday I'm going to the office for a meeting.”
- 询问与告知时间：在任何需要协调时间的场合，如会面、赶车、烹饪。“What's the time? Is it 3 o'clock yet? The movie starts at 5.”
- 谈论习惯：讨论健康习惯、学习习惯等。“I usually drink a glass of water in the morning.”

2. 建议简单拓展学习材料
- 歌曲：经典儿歌《Hickory Dickory Dock》涉及时钟和老鼠，趣味性强。《My Daily Routine》类的英文儿童歌曲可以帮助巩固时段表达。
- 视频：搜索“Mr. Bean's Daily Routine”或“Peppa Pig -- Time”等动画片段，观察其中对日常活动和时间描述的简单英语。
- 绘本/读物：对于初学者，绘本《What's the Time, Mr. Wolf?》互动性强。分级读物中关于“School Day”, “At Home”的主题都与本课相关。
- 实用工具：制作一个“My Daily Routine”漫画或时间表，用英文标注每个时段的活动。

3. 可附加英美生活小常识
- Tea Time：虽然下午茶传统源自英国，但普通英国家庭像索耶太太那样在下午4点左右喝杯茶（可能配块饼干）是很常见的，这更像一个短暂的休息，而非正式的“下午茶”仪式。
- “On Foot”：在英国，尤其在小城镇或乡村，步行 (on foot) 或骑行是常见的短途出行方式，不仅为了健康，也因停车不便或环保意识。
- Evening vs. Night：在英语中，evening 通常从下午五六点日落前后开始，到就寝前结束。Night 更侧重于深夜时段。所以“晚上看电视”更常说 watch TV in the evening，而 at night 可能暗示更晚。
- Asking the Time：虽然直接问 What's the time? 没错，但在英国，你可能会听到更口语化的 Got the time?。回答时，o'clock 在口语中有时被省略，特别是非正式场合，如 It's almost three.

🗂️ 第八部分：本课知识图谱（结构化逻辑图）

核心对话主题：描述与对比日常生活作息
├──主要句型1：一般现在时描述习惯
│ ├── 结构：主语 + usually + 动词原形/三单 + 时间状语.
│ ├── 例句：The children usually go to school by car.
│ └── 功能：说明经常性、规律性的活动。
├──主要句型2：现在进行时描述当前/特定时间活动
│ ├── 结构：主语 + am/is/are + V-ing + (时间状语).
│ ├── 例句：They are walking to school at the moment.
│ └── 功能：说明正在发生或近期计划的具体活动。
├──主要句型3：时间问答
│ ├── 问：What's the time?
│ ├── 答：It's + 数字 + o'clock.
│ └── 功能：获取和告知整点时间。
└──关键词汇网络
├──时间点：o'clock, moment, tonight
├──时段：morning, afternoon, evening, night (搭配：in the... / at night)
├──日常活动：go to school, stay at home, drink tea, do homework, read the newspaper, watch television, play
├──交通方式：by car, on foot
├──地点：living room, garden, shop(s)
└──频度副词：usually (连接一般现在时)

【总字数：约 15，800 字】

🔖 相关热门标签

#新概念英语第一册#第57课#第58课#一般现在时#现在进行时#日常作息#时间表达#介词at/in/on

© 本文为狂暴英语教案 · 新概念英语第一册第57-58课

仅供学习交流使用