高中英语语法教案：主谓一致（就近原则 & 就远原则）
一、课题
主谓一致——就近原则、就远原则
二、课程简介
本节课聚焦高中英语语法重难点——主谓一致中的就近原则与就远原则.。主谓一致是语法填空、书面表达的高频考点，也是学生极易失分的易错题型。本课系统梳理两类原则判定规则，完整罗列标志性连接短语，搭配典型例句对比辨析易混结构，辅以当堂习题训练。引导学生学会剥离句子干扰成分、定位核心主语，正确选用谓语动词形式，在语法学习中落实英语学科四大核心素养。
三、课时安排
1课时（40分钟）
四、学科核心素养目标
1. 语言能力
能够识别就近、就远原则典型句式与标志短语；掌握谓语动词单复数判断方法，在语法填空、短文改错、英语写作中正确运用主谓一致规则，提升语言输出的准确性。
2. 思维品质
通过对比归纳两类主谓一致规则，训练逻辑分析能力；学会拆分句子、甄别附加干扰信息，摒弃死记硬背，形成理性分析句子结构的思维习惯。
3. 文化意识
体会英语注重形式逻辑的形合语言特点，对比汉语语言表达差异，感受中英文思维区别；树立严谨规范的语言使用意识。
4. 学习能力
学会使用分类归纳、对比记忆的语法学习方法，自主整理易混知识点，养成总结错题、举一反三的良好学习习惯。
五、教学重难点
教学重点
1. 熟记就远原则全部引导短语，理解“谓语跟随前置核心主语”；
2. 掌握就近原则五大固定句型，理解“谓语跟随邻近主语”。
教学难点
区分易混结构：as well as（就远） 与 not only…but also…（就近） 的用法差异。
六、教学过程
Step1 导入（3min）
展示两组易错题，抛出问题引发思考：
① Tom, as well as his friends, ____(like) music.
② Not only Tom but also his friends ____(like) music.
设问：同样连接两个主语，为什么谓语动词单复数选择不一样？引出本节课主题：就近、就远原则。
Step2 新知讲授：就远原则（14min）
✅ 规则：句子谓语动词的单复数和最前方的核心主语保持一致，中间短语后的名词不影响谓语。
就远原则短语+例句（完整清单）
1. as well as 以及、和
The teacher, as well as the students, is hard-working.
2. together with 和……一起
My father, together with my brothers, goes jogging every morning.
3. along with 连同
Tom, along with his deskmate, has finished homework.
4. except 除……之外
All students except him are present today.
5. except for 除了（修正整体瑕疵）
The article, except for a few mistakes, is perfect.
6. besides 除……之外（还有）
No one besides my parents supports my decision.
7. but 除了
Nobody but you knows the secret.
8. rather than 而不是
I, rather than you, am in charge of the class.
9. more than 不仅仅
The boss, more than the workers, is responsible for the failure.
10. no less than 不亚于、和……一样
She, no less than her twin sister, is talented in music.
11. in addition to 除……之外还有
In addition to math, he likes physics very much.
📌记忆口诀：连同、除了、而不是、不止、还有，谓语一律看前面！
Step3 新知讲授：就近原则（10min）
✅ 规则：谓语动词单复数与距离谓语最近的主语保持一致。
1. either…or… 要么……要么……
Either you or he is wrong.
2. neither…nor… 既不……也不……
Neither the students nor the teacher likes the new rule.
3. not only…but also… 不仅……而且……
Not only I but also my mother enjoys reading.
4. or 或者
You or your sister has to clean the room.
5. not…but… 不是……而是……
Not you but I am chosen.
📌记忆口诀：或、要么、不仅而且、不是而是，谓语一律看后面！
Step4 易混对比辨析（5min）
- He, as well as I, is wrong.（as well as 就远，主语He）
- Not only he but also I am wrong.（not only…but also 就近，主语I）
Step5 课堂巩固练习（5min）
用所给词适当形式填空
1. The girl, as well as her classmates, ____(like) music.
2. Neither my parents nor my brother ____(enjoy) rainy days.
3. No one but he ____(know) the truth.
4. Not only the students but also the teacher ____(be) moved.
参考答案：1.likes 2.enjoys 3.knows 4.was/is
Step6 课堂小结（2min）
1. 齐读、梳理两类规则标志性短语；
2. 重申解题步骤：划出主语干扰短语→判断就近/就远→找准真正主语→确定谓语形式。
七、课后作业
1. 背诵就近、就远全部短语与口诀；
2. 完成下方10道主谓一致专项填空练习题。
课后专项练习题（附答案）
用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. The singer, together with her fans, ____(be) visiting the museum now.
2. Not only his parents but also he ____(watch) the football match every weekend.
3. Everyone except the twins ____(finish) the task already.
4. Either the workers or the manager ____(make) the final decision.
5. I, rather than my classmates, ____(be) to take part in the competition.
6. No one besides Lucy and Lily ____(have) access to this room.
7. Neither Tom nor his friends ____(know) how to solve the problem.
8. The professor, as well as his assistants, ____(do) the experiment these days.
9. Not you but your elder brother ____(need) to attend the meeting.
10. My mother, along with my two sisters, ____(go) shopping every Sunday.
参考答案：
shtu 2.watches 3.has finished 4.makes shtu
6.has 7.know 8.is doing 9.needs 10.goes
八、板书设计
主谓一致
🔹就远原则（看前面）
as well as / together with / along with / except / except for / besides / but / rather than / more than / no less than / in addition to
🔹就近原则（看后面）
either…or… / neither…nor… / not only…but also… / or / not…but…
