Part I
Pro: Today, we are taking a little detour from the grand styles of public architecture we've been studying to look at residential architecture in the United States. Since this is something we can all identify with, I think it will help us see the relationship between the function of a structure and its style or form.
This has been an ongoing theme in our discussions, and we will be getting back to it in just a moment. But before we get started, I want you to take a moment to think: does anyone know what the single most popular style for a house in the United States is today? Bob?
Stu: I bet it is the ranch-style house.
Pro: Well, in this area, probably. But are we typical? Yes, Sue.
Stu: How about the kind of house my grandparents live in? They call it a Cape Cod.
由于这是我们都可以认同的东西，我觉得它会帮助我们了解一个结构的功能与它的风格或形式之间的关系。
1. detour|ˈdi:tʊə(r)|
noun. a longer route that you take in order to avoid a problem or to visit a place 绕行的路；迂回路；兜圈子
E.g.: It's well worth making a detour to see the village.
绕道去参观一下这村子很是值得。
2. identify with
if you identify with someone or something, you feel that you understand them or their feelings and ideas 认同；理解；体会
E.g.: She would only play a role if she could identify with the character..
她只愿扮演她能认同的角色。
3. ranch|ræntʃ|
noun. a large farm, especially in N America or Australia, where cows, horses, sheep, etc. are bred 牧场，大农场（尤指北美或澳大利亚的）
E.g.: He lives on a cattle ranch in Australia.
他在澳大利亚靠一个牧牛场为生。
4. typical |ˈtɪpɪkl|
adj. having the usual qualities or features of a particular type of person, thing or group 典型的；有代表性的
E.g.: This meal is typical of local cookery.
这是有当地风味的饭菜。
5. cape |keɪp|
noun. a piece of high land that sticks out into the sea 岬角；岬
E.g.: In 1978, Naomi James became the first woman to sail solo around the world via Cape Horn.
1978年,娜奥米·詹姆斯成为第一个独自驾船绕过合恩角环游世界的女子。
Part II
Pro: That's the one. Here is a drawing of what we consider of a classic Cape Cod house. These days, you see this style all over the United States. But it first showed up in U.S. northeast, in the New England region, around the late 1600s. For those of you who don't know the northeast costal region, Cape Cod is a peninsula, a narrow strip of land that juts out into the Atlantic, and so many houses in this particular style were built on Cape Cod, that the name of the place became the name of the style.
Now why did the Cape Cod style house become so popular in the northeast? Well, one reason is that it's a great example of form following function. We've talked about this design principle a lot about form following function. And what did we say it meant? Someone give me an application of this principle. What does this concept, that form should follow function...How would it be applied to housing design?
其中一个原因是：它是形式遵循功能的一个很好的例子。
1. peninsula |pəˈnɪnsjələ|
noun. an area of land that is almost surrounded by water but is joined to a larger piece of land 半岛
E.g.: I had walked around the entire peninsula.
我走遍了整个半岛。
2. jut|dʒʌt|
verb. to stick out further than the surrounding surface, objects, etc.; to make sth stick out （使）突出，伸出
E.g.: A row of small windows jutted out from the roof.
有一排小窗户从房顶上突出来。
3. application|ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn|
noun. the practical use of sth, especially a theory, discovery, etc. （尤指理论、发现等的）应用，运用
E.g.: The invention would have wide application/a wide range of applications in industry.
这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。
Part III
Stu: Well, if it means that the design of a building should be based on the needs of the people who use it, then, well, the architect has to be very practical to think about the people who actually be living in the house or working in the office building, whatever. So for the architect, it's all about the users, not about showing off how creative you can be.
Pro: Good, of course. For a Cape Cod house, it might be even more accurate to say that form also follows climate. Who knows what the climate's like on Cape Cod?
Stu: Cold in the winter...
Stu: And whenever I visit my grandparents, it's really wet. It's usually either raining or snowing or foggy and windy, too. I guess because it's so exposed to the ocean?
Pro: That's right. So take another look at this drawing, and you can image how this design might be particularly helpful in that kind of climate.
对于科德角的房子，更准确地说，形式也遵循气候。
1. be all about sb/sth
used to say what the most important aspect of sb/sth is 最重要的是；主要的
E.g.: It's all about money these days.
如今谈的就是钱。
2. show off
to try to impress others by talking about your abilities, possessions, etc. 炫耀自己；卖弄自己
E.g.: He's just showing off because that girl he likes is here.
他不过是在表现自己，因为他喜欢的那个姑娘在场。
3. expose |ɪkˈspoʊz|
verb. if someone is exposed to something dangerous or unpleasant, they are put in a situation in which it might affect them. 使暴露于;使遭受
E.g.: A wise mother never exposes her children to the slightest possibility of danger.
明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。
Part IV
Notice how the house is fairly low to the ground. This relatively low compact structure helps the house withstand the strong winds blowing off the ocean. And look at the slope of the roof, the steep angle helps keep off all that rain and snow that accumulates in the winter. Another thing, Cape Cod houses usually face south to take advantage of the sun's warmth through the windows. That's helpful in winter. Now what can you tell me about the chimney, about its location.
Stu: Well, it's in the middle. Because...does that have something to do with heating the houses? I mean since the heat never has to travel very far.
Stu: That means you can heat the house more efficiently, right?
Pro: Exactly, now see how the house has very little exterior decoration, that's also typical of early Cape Cod houses. The wind was one reason, nothing sticking out that...might blow away in the harsh weather, but there was probably another reason, not related to the climate, more of a reflection of a rural New England society back then.
还有，科德角的房屋通常朝南，以便通过窗户利用阳光取暖。
1. compact|ˈkɒmpækt|
adj. using or filling only a small amount of space 紧凑的；体积小的
E.g.: The kitchen was compact but well equipped.
这间厨房虽然空间小但设备齐全。
2. off |ɑ:f|
prep. leading away from sth, for example a road or room 离开；偏离
E.g.: We live off Main Street.
我们住在大街附近。
3. steep |sti:p|
adj. rising or falling quickly, not gradually 陡的；陡峭的
E.g.: The path grew steeper as we climbed higher.
我们越往上爬路就越陡。
4. accumulate|əˈkju:mjəleɪt|
verb. to gradually get more and more of sth over a period of time 积累；积聚
E.g.: By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.
她投资精明，积累了一笔财富。
5. chimney |ˈtʃɪmni|
noun. a structure through which smoke or steam is carried up away from a fire, etc. and through the roof of a building; the part of this that is above the roof 烟囱；烟道；（屋顶上的）烟囱管
E.g.: He threw the paper onto the fire and it flew up the chimney.
他把那张纸扔进火里，纸飘进了烟道。
6. decoration |ˌdekəˈreɪʃn|
noun. the decoration of a room is its furniture, wallpaper, and ornaments. 装饰，装潢
E.g.: With its simple decoration, the main bedroom is a peaceful haven.
主卧室装饰简单，像一处宁静的港湾。
7. stick out
to be further out than sth else or come through a hole; to push sth further out than sth else or through a hole （使从某物中）伸出，探出，突出
E.g.: His ears stick out.
他长着一对招风耳。
8. rural 乡下的; urban 城市的; downtown 市中心的; uptown 市郊的
Part V
You see Cape Cod houses were not built in the big cities, where all the rich people lived back then. These were modestdwellings. The people who built them simply couldn't afford lots of expensive decorative details. But it was more than just a matter of money.
In these rural areas, people depended on each other for survival. Neighbors had to help and support each other in a difficult environment, so you didn't want to appear to be showing off. You'd want to avoid anything that might set you apart from your neighbors, the same people you might need, to help you someday. So all these help to create an attitude of conformity in the community, and you can see why a modest, a very plain style would've become so widely imitated throughout rural New England.
Stu: It is plain, but you know it's nice looking.
Pro: Good point, and in fact it's precisely that aestheticappeal, the...the purity, the nearly perfect proportions of the house...that's another reason for the Cape Cod's enduring popularity even in places where the climate's so mild, that it's functional design doesn't matter.
因此，所有这些都有助于在社区中形成一种从众的态度，你也可以由此看出为什么一种谦逊的、非常朴素的风格会在整个新英格兰农村被如此广泛地效仿。
1. modest |ˈmɒdɪst|
adj. a modest house or other building is not large or expensive (房屋等)不太大的，不算昂贵的，普通的
E.g.: the modest home of a family who lived off the land
靠土地过活的一户人家的简朴住房
2. dwelling |ˈdwelɪŋ|
noun. a house, flat/apartment, etc. where a person lives 住宅；住所；公寓
E.g.: The development will consist of 66 dwellings and a number of offices.
新建楼区将由66栋住房和一些办公用房组成。
3. detail |ˈdi:teɪl|
noun. a small individual fact or item; a less important fact or item 细微之处；枝节；琐事
E.g.: He stood still, absorbing every detail of the street.
他一动不动地站着，不放过街上的每一细微之处。
4. set sb/sth apart from sb/sth
to make sb/sth different from or better than others 使与众不同；使突出；使优于
E.g.: Her elegant style sets her apart from other journalists.
她的典雅风格使她与其他记者截然不同。
5. conformity |kənˈfɔ:məti|
noun. behaviour or actions that follow the accepted rules of society （对社会规则的）遵从，遵守
E.g.: The prime minister is, in conformity with the constitution, chosen by the president.
依照宪法，首相由总统选定。
6. aesthetic |i:sˈθetɪk|
adj. concerned with beauty and art and the understanding of beautiful things 审美的；有审美观点的；美学的
E.g.: products chosen for their aesthetic appeal as well as their durability and quality
因其外形美观且经久耐用、质量上乘而被选定的产品
7. appeal |əˈpi:l|
noun. a quality that makes sb/sth attractive or interesting 吸引力；感染力；魅力
E.g.: The Beatles have never really lost their appeal.
披头士乐队的感染力经久不衰。
8. endure |ɪnˈdjʊə(r)|
verb. to continue to exist for a long time 持续；持久
E.g.: Somehow the language endures and continues to survive.
那种语言以某种方式保存下来，并继续存在下去。
